Cardiopulmonary effects of apneustic anesthesia ventilation in anesthetized pigs: a new mode of ventilation for anesthetized veterinary species.

Objective: To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of apneustic anesthesia ventilation (AAV) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in anesthetized pigs and to describe a new mode of ventilation for anesthetized veterinary species.

Study Design: Randomized, crossover design without washout.

Animals: Twelve healthy, female white Landrace pigs.

Apneustic anesthesia ventilation improves pulmonary function in anesthetized bottlenose dolphins ().

Introduction: Use of mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia is a necessary practice in the anesthetization of small cetaceans as spontaneous ventilation fails to provide adequate gas exchange. Currently available methods of ventilation do not account for the intermittent breathing strategy of representative species within this infraorder of fully aquatic mammals and may have a significant effect on cardiac and respiratory physiology.

Methods: To understand the impact of mechanical ventilation on cardiopulmonary function in one small species of cetacean, the bottlenose dolphin (), we compared controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) to a novel ventilation method known as apneustic anesthesia ventilation (AAV).

A multi-institutional epidemiologic study evaluating environmental risk factors for feline oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is an aggressive cancer in domestic cats that has no effective treatment option when advanced. Preventative or early diagnostic measures are thus crucial. FOSCC is also a model for human head and neck SCC (HNSCC); strong risk factors in HNSCC include exposure to alcohol, tobacco, areca nut, and high-risk human papillomavirus.

Arterial blood gas tensions during recovery in horses anesthetized with apneustic anesthesia ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation.

Objective: To compare PaO and PaCO in horses recovering from general anesthesia maintained with either apneustic anesthesia ventilation (AAV) or conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV).

Study Design: Randomized, crossover design.

Animals: A total of 10 healthy adult horses from a university-owned herd.

Comparison of four endotracheal tube cleaning protocols in anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of 4 cleaning protocols applied to endotracheal tubes (ETTs) collected from anesthetized dogs.

Sample: 100 ETTs (25 per protocol).

Procedures: A 10-question survey designed to determine ETT reuse and cleaning practices was distributed via email to a sample of veterinary anesthesiologists.

A 3D-printed Apparatus for Imaging Multiple Rats Simultaneously.

CT (computerized tomography) is a necessary imaging modality for cancer staging and disease monitoring. Rodent models of cancer are commonly studied prior to human clinical trials, but CT in rodents can be difficult due to their small size and constant movement, which necessitates general anesthesia. Because microCT equipment is not always available, clinical CT may be a viable alternative.

Biochemical, functional, and histopathologic characterization of lomustine-induced liver injury in dogs.

Objective: To characterize the biochemical, functional, and histopathologic changes associated with lomustine-induced liver injury in dogs.

Animals: I0 healthy purpose-bred sexually intact female hounds.

Procedures: Dogs were randomly assigned to receive lomustine (approx 75 mg/m, PO, q 21 d for 5 doses) alone (n = 5) or with prednisone (approx 1.

A Mouse Model of Dysphagia After Facial Nerve Injury.

Objective: Dysphagia is common following facial nerve injury; however, research is sparse regarding swallowing-related outcomes and targeted treatments. Previous animal studies have used eye blink and vibrissae movement as measures of facial nerve impairment and recovery. The purpose of this study was to create a mouse model of facial nerve injury that results in dysphagia to enhance translational research outcomes.

Effect of induced hindlimb length difference on body-mounted inertial sensor measures used to evaluate hindlimb lameness in horses.

This study has investigated the immediate effect of induced hindlimb length difference on hindlimb lameness measured as differences in minimum (Pmin) and maximum (Pmax) pelvic heights in 16 horses trotting in a straight line and lungeing on both hard and soft surfaces with body-mounted inertial sensors. Hindlimb length differences were induced by applying an Easyboot Glue-on shoe to one hindlimb. Changes in Pmin and Pmax with induced hindlimb length difference were assessed with a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with trial (straight, lunge with inside limb elevation, lunge with outside limb elevation) and surface (hard, soft) as within-subject factors.

Comparison of results for body-mounted inertial sensor assessment with final lameness determination in 1,224 equids.

Objective: To compare results for initial body-mounted inertial sensor (BMIS) measurement of lameness in equids trotting in a straight line with definitive findings after full lameness evaluation.

Animals: 1,224 equids.

Procedures: Lameness measured with BMIS equipment while trotting in a straight line was classified into categories of none, forelimb only, hind limb only, and 8 patterns of combined forelimb and hind limb lameness (CFHL).

Patterns of recurrence and retreatment outcomes among clinical stage I and II head and neck melanoma patients.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine survival outcomes in patients who underwent retreatment of recurrent cases of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck (CMHN).

Methods: Retrospective review of all patients who were treated for primary clinical stage I or II CMHN between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015.

Results: Twenty percent (33/168) of the patients developed a recurrence.

Systematic in vitro and in vivo characterization of Leukemia-inhibiting factor- and Fibroblast growth factor-derived porcine induced pluripotent stem cells.

Derivation and stable maintenance of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) is challenging. We herein systematically analyzed two piPSC lines, derived by lentiviral transduction and cultured under either leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) conditions, to shed more light on the underlying biological mechanisms of porcine pluripotency. LIF-derived piPSCs were more successful than their FGF-derived counterparts in the generation of in vitro chimeras and in teratoma formation.

A longitudinal examination of improved access on park use and physical activity in a low-income and majority African American neighborhood park.

This study sought to evaluate the impact of street crossing infrastructure modifications on park use and park-based physical activity in a low-income and African American community. A five-lane major highway created an access barrier between low-income housing units and the local neighborhood park in Columbia, Missouri. The installation of a signalized pedestrian crosswalk provided an opportunity to conduct a natural experiment to examine the effect of improved safe access upon community active living behaviors.

The Impact of a Signalized Crosswalk on Traffic Speed and Street-Crossing Behaviors of Residents in an Underserved Neighborhood.

Infrastructure improvements such as pedestrian crosswalks that calm traffic and increase access to physical activity opportunities could alleviate important barriers to active living in underserved communities with outdated built environments. The purpose of this study was to explore how the built environment influences street-crossing behaviors and traffic speeds in a low-income neighborhood with barriers to active living in Columbia, Missouri. In 2013, a signalized pedestrian crosswalk and 400-ft-long median was constructed along a busy 5-lane, high-speed arterial highway linking low-income housing with a park and downtown areas.

Improving the Utility of Laryngeal Adductor Reflex Testing: A Translational Tale of Mice and Men.

Objectives: Evaluation of the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) entails delivering air through an endoscope positioned 1 to 2 mm from the arytenoid mucosa to elicit bilateral vocal fold (VF) closure. This short working distance limits visualization to only the ipsilateral arytenoid and results in quantification of a single LAR metric: threshold pressure that evokes the LAR. Our goal was to evolve the LAR procedure to optimize its utility in clinical practice and translational research.

Videofluoroscopic Validation of a Translational Murine Model of Presbyphagia.

Presbyphagia affects approximately 40% of otherwise healthy people over 60 years of age. Hence, it is a condition of primary aging rather than a consequence of primary disease. This distinction warrants systematic investigations to understand the causal mechanisms of aging versus disease specifically on the structure and function of the swallowing mechanism.

Hospital hand hygiene compliance improves with increased monitoring and immediate feedback.

Background: Health care-associated infections are serious complications impacting 2 million patients and accounting for approximately 100,000 deaths per year. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a new hand hygiene monitoring program (HHMP) and measured the sustainability of this effectiveness over a 1-year period.

Methods: The HHMP consisted of 4 key components: extensive education, conspicuous and visible monitors, immediate feedback concerning compliance to health care workers, and real-time data dissemination to leadership.

Optimizing referral practices for patients with non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage.

Because many cases of non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (NTICH) do not require surgery, establishing the most appropriate referral and treatment algorithms to optimize patient outcome, including appropriate utilization of specialty physicians, such as neurosurgeons and neurologists, would be helpful. In this retrospective study based on census and billing records, the best referral model showed that medical therapy was the chosen treatment option if patients did not meet all of the following three criteria: GCS < or = 13, age < or = 70 and lesion volume > or = 40 cm3. These criteria may be helpful in predicting the need for surgery and improving referral practices for patients with NTICH.

Effect of leg muscle contraction velocity on functional performance in older men and women.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between impairment (skeletal muscle strength and contraction velocity) and function in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: University-based human physiology laboratory.