Correction: Implementation Documentation and Process Assessment of the PharmNet Intervention: Observational Report.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/54077.].

Implementation Documentation and Process Assessment of the PharmNet Intervention: Observational Report.

Background: The number of overdose deaths in the United States involving opioids continues to exceed 100,000 per year. This has precipitated ongoing declarations of a public health emergency. Harm reduction approaches, such as promoting awareness of, ensuring access to, and fostering willingness to use naloxone to reverse opioid overdose, are a key component of a larger national strategy to address the crisis.

Elucidating determinants of medication disposal programs at retail pharmacies in North Carolina.

Background: Pharmacy-based medication disposal programs is one approach to prevent diversion of unused prescription opioids.

Objective(s): The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which disposal programs have been implemented by retail pharmacies and identify determinants of implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Methods: A sequential mixed-method design was used to examine implementation of medication disposal programs at pharmacies in Pitt County, NC.

The PharmNet Harm Reduction Intervention for Community Pharmacies: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The overdose epidemic in the United States has continued to worsen despite substantial efforts to mitigate its harms. The opioid antagonist naloxone has been identified as a key means of reducing the prevalence of fatal overdoses. An important evidence-based approach to optimizing naloxone's impact is to seed it throughout the community, because bystanders are often able to reverse overdoses more quickly than first responders and sometimes are the only possible means of overdose reversal.

Pilot implementation of the PharmNet naloxone program in an independent pharmacy.

Background: The U.S. overdose epidemic has continued to escalate with more than 100,000 deaths per year in the past several years, most of which involve opioids.

Beliefs and misperceptions about naloxone and overdose among U.S. laypersons: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) to laypersons are key approaches to reduce the incidence of opioid-involved overdoses. While some research has examined attitudes toward OEND, especially among pharmacists and first responders, our understanding of what laypersons believe about overdose and naloxone is surprisingly limited. Further, some scholars have expressed concerns about the prevalence of non-evidence-based beliefs about overdose and naloxone.

Exploration of pharmacist comfort with harm reduction behaviors: Cross-sectional latent class analysis.

Background: Pharmacists are positioned to play important roles in implementing evidence-based prevention and harm reduction approaches for opioid misuse and related health care outcomes such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C. More research is needed to understand how best to facilitate harm reduction practices among pharmacists.

Objectives: This hypothesis-generating study investigated (1) whether subgroups (latent classes) were observable among pharmacists based on self-reported comfort with specific harm reduction behaviors, (2) whether having reported expertise in key content areas was associated with any latent classes that might be identified, and (3) whether comfort and training were associated with actually having dispensed syringes for likely nonprescription drug use.

"The gatekeepers in prevention": Community pharmacist perceptions of their role in the opioid epidemic.

Community pharmacists are at the frontline of patient care, yet their role in the opioid epidemic remains unclear. This qualitative study examines the perception of community pharmacists about their role in the opioid epidemic and challenges to fulfilling this role. A secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from an Indiana census of community managing pharmacists was conducted.

Developing and Validating a Novel Anonymous Method for Matching Longitudinal School-Based Data.

Prospective longitudinal data collection is an important way for researchers and evaluators to assess change. In school-based settings, for low-risk and/or likely-beneficial interventions or surveys, data quality and ethical standards are both arguably stronger when using a waiver of parental consent-but doing so often requires the use of anonymous data collection methods. The standard solution to this problem has been the use of a self-generated identification code.

Effects of ACT Out! Social Issue Theater on Social-Emotional Competence and Bullying in Youth and Adolescents: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Schools increasingly prioritize social-emotional competence and bullying and cyberbullying prevention, so the development of novel, low-cost, and high-yield programs addressing these topics is important. Further, rigorous assessment of interventions prior to widespread dissemination is crucial.

Objective: This study assesses the effectiveness and implementation fidelity of the ACT Out! Social Issue Theater program, a 1-hour psychodramatic intervention by professional actors; it also measures students' receptiveness to the intervention.

Naloxone availability and dispensing in Indiana pharmacies 2 years after the implementation of a statewide standing order.

Objectives: This study examined changes in rates of pharmacy naloxone stocking and dispensing in Indiana between 2016 and 2018 and explored supplemental variables and factors that may have affected observed differences.

Methods: Researchers used data from 2 existing datasets that were collected from managing pharmacists who responded to statewide pharmacy censuses in 2016 and 2018. After identifying all cases in which a pharmacy's managing pharmacist responded in both 2016 and 2018 censuses, researchers conducted a nonparametric statistical comparison of naloxone stocking and dispensing rates in 107 Indiana pharmacies.

Relationship Between Substance Use and the Onset of Spinal Cord Injuries: A Medical Chart Review.

Opioid misuse is a leading health care concern within the United States. In many cases, opioid misuse and opioid use disorder are associated with pain, a secondary health condition affecting individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Further, substance use is a known risk factor for SCI, resulting in the potential for a substance-related risk trajectory running from pre- to post-SCI.

I could take the judgment if you could just provide the service: non-prescription syringe purchase experience at Arizona pharmacies, 2018.

Background: Community pharmacies are important for health access by rural populations and those who do not have optimum access to the health system, because they provide myriad health services and are found in most communities. This includes the sale of non-prescription syringes, a practice that is legal in the USA in all but two states. However, people who inject drugs (PWID) face significant barriers accessing sterile syringes, particularly in states without laws allowing syringe services programming.