Background: Meta-analyses have suggested that the risk of cardiovascular disease events is significantly higher after a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, but the populations at highest risk have not been well characterized to date.
Methods And Results: The authors analyzed the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) hospitalizations after COPD hospitalization compared with before COPD hospitalization and patient factors associated with ASCVD hospitalizations after COPD hospitalization among 2 high-risk patient cohorts. The primary outcome was risk of an ASCVD hospitalization composite outcome (myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous coronary intervention, stroke, transient ischemic accident) after COPD hospitalization relative to before COPD hospitalization.
Unlabelled: This Phase 1 trial described the intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and safety profile of IV fosfomycin in healthy participants Fosfomycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic mainly used to treat urinary tract infections, is being considered for treatment of more complex conditions, including lung infections, due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. Despite its potential, the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of intravenous (IV) fosfomycin, particularly its penetration into the lower respiratory tract, are unknown. To address this gap, we conducted a Phase 1, open-label trial to assess the safety and pulmonary pharmacokinetics of IV fosfomycin in healthy participants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsthma is a widespread chronic lung disease characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. This airway inflammation is classified by either the presence (T2-high) or absence (T2-low) of high levels of eosinophils. Because most therapies for asthma target eosinophils and related pathways, treatment options for T2-low disease are limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Airway tissue eosinophilia can be an observed feature of obesity-associated type 2 (T2) asthma, but the processes mediating this inflammation are unknown.
Objective: To investigate a process whereby leptin, an adipokine elevated in obesity, potentiates pulmonary eosinophilia and eotaxin production by airway fibroblasts in T2 asthma.
Methods: We assessed associations between body mass index and airway eosinophilia as well as leptin and eotaxin production in 78 participants with asthma, 36 of whom exhibited obesity.
Background: Severe COVID-19 carries a high morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have shown an association between COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2 viral load (VL). We sought to measure VL in multiple compartments (urine, plasma, lower respiratory tract) in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and correlate with clinical outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeta-analyses have suggested the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events is significantly higher after a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. However, many of these studies have included a broad array of CVD events or have been limited to highly selected patient populations potentially not generalizable to the broader population of COPD. We assessed the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) hospitalizations after COPD hospitalization compared with before COPD hospitalization and identified patient factors associated with ASCVD hospitalizations after COPD hospitalization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Environmental exposures and experimental manipulations can alter the ontogenetic composition of tissue-resident macrophages. However, the impact of these alterations on subsequent immune responses, particularly in allergic airway diseases, remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the significance of modified macrophage ontogeny resulting from environmental exposures on allergic airway responses to house dust mite (HDM) allergen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLung inflammation, caused by acute exposure to ozone (O), one of the six criteria air pollutants, is a significant source of morbidity in susceptible individuals. Alveolar macrophages (AMØs) are the most abundant immune cells in the normal lung, and their number increases after O exposure. However, the role of AMØs in promoting or limiting O-induced lung inflammation has not been clearly defined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Long COVID impacts ∼10% of people diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet the pathophysiology driving ongoing symptoms is poorly understood. We hypothesised that Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could identify unique pulmonary phenotypic subgroups of long COVID. Therefore, we evaluated ventilation and gas exchange measurements with cluster analysis to generate imaging-based phenotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOver 20 million adults and 6 million children in the United States (US) have asthma, a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Obesity, another highly prevalent disease in the US, is a major risk factor for asthma and a significant cause of diminished asthma control, increased submucosal eosinophilia, and reduced quality of life. A large subgroup of these patients experiences severe symptoms and recurrent exacerbations despite maximal dosage of standard asthma therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Meta-analyses have suggested the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events is significantly higher after a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. However, these studies have been limited to highly selected patient populations potentially not generalizable to the broader population of COPD.
Methods: We assessed the risk of ASCVD hospitalizations after COPD hospitalization compared to before COPD hospitalization and identified patient factors associated with ASCVD hospitalizations after COPD hospitalization.
Introduction: The genetic determinants of fractional exhalation of nitric oxide (FeNO), a marker of lung inflammation, are understudied in Black individuals. Alpha globin () restricts nitric oxide signalling in arterial endothelial cells via interactions with nitric oxide synthase; however, its role in regulating the release of NO from respiratory epithelium is less well understood. We hypothesised that an gene deletion, common among Black individuals, would be associated with higher FeNO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetermine the prevalence of airway disease (e.g., asthma, airflow obstruction, and eosinophilic airway inflammation) in Kenya, as well as related correlates of airway disease and health-related quality of life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease along with other adverse events after bariatric surgery.
Objectives: The incidence of short-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with MetS undergoing bariatric surgery is not well characterized.
Setting: Accredited bariatric surgery centers in the United States and Canada.
20 million adults and 4.2 million children in the United States have asthma, a disease resulting in inflammation and airway obstruction in response to various factors, including allergens and pollutants and nonallergic triggers. Obesity, another highly prevalent disease in the US, is a major risk factor for asthma and a significant cause of oxidative stress throughout the body.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cough is the most reported symptom in the United States, with chronic refractory cough representing significant morbidity to patients. Zinc acetate may have beneficial effects in the cough reflex pathway. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of zinc acetate in the management of chronic refractory cough.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease marked by airway inflammation, remodeling and hyperresponsiveness to allergens. Allergic asthma is normally well controlled through the use of beta-2-adrenergic agonists and inhaled corticosteroids; however, a subset of patients with comorbid obesity experience resistance to currently available therapeutics. Patients with asthma and comorbid obesity are also at a greater risk for severe disease, contributing to increased risk of hospitalization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ontogenetic composition of tissue-resident macrophages following injury, environmental exposure, or experimental depletion can be altered upon re-establishment of homeostasis. However, the impact of altered resident macrophage ontogenetic milieu on subsequent immune responses is poorly understood. Hence, we assessed the effect of macrophage ontogeny alteration following return to homeostasis on subsequent allergic airway responses to house dust mites (HDM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over eight hundred thousand lives in the United States alone, with older individuals and those with comorbidities being at higher risk of severe disease and death. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-induced hyperinflammation is one of the mechanisms underlying the high mortality, the association between age and innate immune responses in COVID-19 mortality remains unclear.
Design: Flow cytometry of fresh blood and multiplexed inflammatory chemokine measurements of sera were performed on samples collected longitudinally from our cohort.
Objective: Asthma in obese patients represents a specific phenotype that is associated with increased symptoms, more frequent and severe exacerbations, reduced responsiveness to treatment, and decreased quality of life. Marketing and placebos have been shown to alter subjective responses to interventions in both asthma and obesity. We evaluated obesity as a potential treatment effect modifier of the effects enhanced drug messaging or placebos on subjective asthma outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Respir Crit Care Med
February 2023
© LitMetric 2025. All rights reserved.