Retrospective analysis of a tertiary care centre of sex differences in risk factors, aetiology and short-term clinical outcome after revascularization treatment in young adults' ischemic stroke.

Background And Objectives: The incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults has increased substantially. There are limited data in the literature concerning the short-term clinical outcome in young adults with acute stroke after revascularization treatment. Due to the lack of available data on gender differences short-term clinical outcome, we designed the present study.

Cities beyond proximity.

The concept of 'proximity-based cities' has gained attention as a new urban organizational model. Most prominently, the 15-minute city contends that cities can function more effectively, equitably and sustainably if essential, everyday services and key amenities are within a 15-minute walk or cycle. However, focusing solely on travel time risks overlooking disparities in service quality, as the proximity paradigm tends to emphasize the mere presence of an element in a location rather than bringing up more complex questions of identity, diversity, quality, value or relationships.

Increased Osteoblastic and Osteocytic in Vitro Cell Viability by Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis).

Background: Yerba mate (YM, Ilex paraguariensis) consumption beneficially affects the bones. However, whether YM components exert their effect on bone cells directly remains elusive.

Methods: We evaluated how main YM components affect osteoblastic (MC3T3-E1) and osteocytic (MLO-Y4) cells in vitro when administered separately or in an aqueous extract.

Chromosomal and genomic analysis suggests single origin and high molecular differentiation of the B chromosome of .

Supernumerary chromosomes (B chromosomes) have been an intriguing subject of study. Our understanding of the molecular differentiation of B chromosomes from an interpopulation perspective remains limited, with most analyses involving chromosome banding and mapping of a few sequences. To gain insights into the molecular composition, origin, and evolution of B chromosomes, we conducted cytogenetic and next-generation sequencing analysis of the repeatome in the grasshopper across various populations.

The geography of technological innovation dynamics.

Cities and metropolitan areas are major drivers of creativity and innovation in all possible sectors: scientific, technological, social, artistic, etc. The critical concentration and proximity of diverse mindsets and opportunities, supported by efficient infrastructures, enable new technologies and ideas to emerge, thrive, and trigger further innovation. Though this pattern seems well established, geography's role in the emergence and diffusion of new technologies still needs to be clarified.

Exploitation and exploration in text evolution. Quantifying planning and translation flows during writing.

Writing is a complex process at the center of much of modern human activity. Despite appearing to be a linear process, writing conceals many highly non-linear processes. Previous research has focused on three phases of writing: planning, translation and transcription, and revision.

Urban economic fitness and complexity from patent data.

Over the years, the growing availability of extensive datasets about registered patents allowed researchers to get a deeper insight into the drivers of technological innovation. In this work, we investigate how patents' technological contents characterise metropolitan areas' development and how innovation is related to GDP per capita. Exploiting worldwide data from 1980 to 2014, and through network-based techniques that only use information about patents, we identify coherent distinguished groups of metropolitan areas, either clustered in the same geographical area or similar in terms of their economic features.

Evolving collaboration, dependencies, and use in the Rust Open Source Software ecosystem.

Open Source Software (OSS) is widely spread in industry, research, and government. OSS represents an effective development model because it harnesses the decentralized efforts of many developers in a way that scales. As OSS developers work independently on interdependent modules, they create a larger cohesive whole in the form of an ecosystem, leaving traces of their contributions and collaborations.

The supply and demand of news during COVID-19 and assessment of questionable sources production.

Misinformation threatens our societies, but little is known about how the production of news by unreliable sources relates to supply and demand dynamics. We exploit the burst of news production triggered by the COVID-19 outbreak through an Italian database partially annotated for questionable sources. We compare news supply with news demand, as captured by Google Trends data.

Finding successful strategies in a complex urban sustainability game.

The adverse effects of unsustainable behaviors on human society are leading to an increasingly urgent and critical need to change policies and practices worldwide. This requires that citizens become informed and engaged in participatory governance and measures leading to sustainable futures. Citizens' understanding of the inherent complexity of sustainable systems is a necessary (though generally not sufficient) ingredient for them to understand controversial public policies and maintain the core principles of democratic societies.

Interacting Discovery Processes on Complex Networks.

Innovation is the driving force of human progress. Recent urn models reproduce well the dynamics through which the discovery of a novelty may trigger further ones, in an expanding space of opportunities, but neglect the effects of social interactions. Here we focus on the mechanisms of collective exploration, and we propose a model in which many urns, representing different explorers, are coupled through the links of a social network and exploit opportunities coming from their contacts.

Ranking the effectiveness of worldwide COVID-19 government interventions.

Assessing the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is critical to inform future preparedness response plans. Here we quantify the impact of 6,068 hierarchically coded NPIs implemented in 79 territories on the effective reproduction number, R, of COVID-19. We propose a modelling approach that combines four computational techniques merging statistical, inference and artificial intelligence tools.

Unsupervised inference approach to facial attractiveness.

The perception of facial attractiveness is a complex phenomenon which depends on how the observer perceives not only individual facial features, but also their mutual influence and interplay. In the machine learning community, this problem is typically tackled as a problem of regression of the subject-averaged rating assigned to natural faces. However, it has been conjectured that this approach does not capture the complexity of the phenomenon.

Hamiltonian modelling of macro-economic urban dynamics.

The rapid urbanization makes the understanding of the evolution of urban environments of utmost importance to steer societies towards better futures. Many studies have focused on the emerging properties of cities, leading to the discovery of scaling laws mirroring the dependence of socio-economic indicators on city sizes. However, few efforts have been devoted to the modelling of the dynamical evolution of cities, as reflected through the mutual influence of socio-economic variables.

Wide dispersion of B chromosomes in Rhammatocerus brasiliensis (Orthoptera, Acrididae).

The grasshopper Rhammatocerus brasiliensis shows polymorphism of B chromosomes, but the magnitude of B-chromosome occurrence and the factors that may contribute to their dispersion in the species remain unknown thus far. The present study analyzed the occurrence and dispersion of B chromosomes in R. brasiliensis individuals from 21 populations widely distributed in the Brazilian Northeast.

Efficient team structures in an open-ended cooperative creativity experiment.

Creativity is progressively acknowledged as the main driver for progress in all sectors of humankind's activities: arts, science, technology, business, and social policies. Nowadays, many creative processes rely on many actors collectively contributing to an outcome. The same is true when groups of people collaborate in the solution of a complex problem.

General scores for accessibility and inequality measures in urban areas.

In the last decades, the acceleration of urban growth has led to an unprecedented level of urban interactions and interdependence. This situation calls for a significant effort among the scientific community to come up with engaging and meaningful visualizations and accessible scenario simulation engines. The present paper gives a contribution in this direction by providing general methods to evaluate accessibility in cities based on public transportation data.

Demographical and clinical indices for long-term evolution of patients in vegetative or in minimally conscious state.

. To evaluate the prognostic value of demographical, anamnestic, and clinical findings on long-term outcome (up to 36 months) in individuals with severe brain injury in vegetative state (VS) or in minimally conscious state (MCS)..

Subjectivity and complexity of facial attractiveness.

The origin and meaning of facial beauty represent a longstanding puzzle. Despite the profuse literature devoted to facial attractiveness, its very nature, its determinants and the nature of inter-person differences remain controversial issues. Here we tackle such questions proposing a novel experimental approach in which human subjects, instead of rating natural faces, are allowed to efficiently explore the face-space and "sculpt" their favorite variation of a reference facial image.

How dynamic could be the 45S rDNA cistron? An intriguing variability in a grasshopper species revealed by integration of chromosomal and genomic data.

To better understand the structure and variability of the 45S rDNA cistron and its evolutionary dynamics in grasshoppers, we performed a detailed analysis combining classical and molecular cytogenetic data with whole-genome sequencing in Abracris flavolienata, which shows extraordinary variability in the chromosomal distribution for this element. We found astonishing variability in the number and size of rDNA clusters at intra- and inter-population levels. Interestingly, FISH using distinct parts of 45S rDNA cistron (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and ITS1) as probes revealed a distinct number of clusters, suggesting independent mobility and amplification of the 45S rDNA components.

Selegiline in Patients With Disorder of Consciousness: An Open Pilot Study.

This open study investigated the clinical effects of 10-week selegiline administration in six patients in vegetative state and in four patients in a minimally conscious state, at least 6 months after onset. Clinical outcome was assessed by Coma Recovery Scale-Revised once a week during selegiline administration and 1 month later. Three patients stopped treatment because of possible side effects.

Multimodal Neuroimaging Approach to Variability of Functional Connectivity in Disorders of Consciousness: A PET/MRI Pilot Study.

Behavioral assessments could not suffice to provide accurate diagnostic information in individuals with disorders of consciousness (DoC). Multimodal neuroimaging markers have been developed to support clinical assessments of these patients. Here we present findings obtained by hybrid fludeoxyglucose (FDG-)PET/MR imaging in three severely brain-injured patients, one in an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), one in a minimally conscious state (MCS), and one patient emerged from MCS (EMCS).

Satellite DNAs Unveil Clues about the Ancestry and Composition of B Chromosomes in Three Grasshopper Species.

Supernumerary (B) chromosomes are dispensable genomic elements occurring frequently among grasshoppers. Most B chromosomes are enriched with repetitive DNAs, including satellite DNAs (satDNAs) that could be implicated in their evolution. Although studied in some species, the specific ancestry of B chromosomes is difficult to ascertain and it was determined in only a few examples.

Zipf's, Heaps' and Taylor's Laws are Determined by the Expansion into the Adjacent Possible.

Zipf's, Heaps' and Taylor's laws are ubiquitous in many different systems where innovation processes are at play. Together, they represent a compelling set of stylized facts regarding the overall statistics, the innovation rate and the scaling of fluctuations for systems as diverse as written texts and cities, ecological systems and stock markets. Many modeling schemes have been proposed in literature to explain those laws, but only recently a modeling framework has been introduced that accounts for the emergence of those laws without deducing the emergence of one of the laws from the others or without ad hoc assumptions.