Mitochondrial function at synapses can be assessed in isolated nerve terminals. Synaptosomes are structures obtained in vitro by detaching the nerve endings from neuronal bodies under controlled homogenization conditions. Several protocols have been described for the preparation of intact synaptosomal fractions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Argentina, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to serious changes to social interaction, health, economy, and education. Argentina experienced two extensive lockdown periods. University education remained virtual for almost two academic years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRat brain and heart display different endogenous protective responses against hypobaric hypoxia in an age-dependent way. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH, 48 h) on brain and heart mitochondrial function as well as the participation of nitric oxide (NO) in old rats (22-month old). Cortical mitochondria from rats exposed to HH decreased respiratory rates (37 %, state 3) and membrane potential (20 %), but NO and HO production increased by 48 %, and 23 %, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) has been described as a potential toxic for dopaminergic metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. Its main metabolite diamino-chloro triazine (DACT) has been shown to achieve higher levels in brain tissue than atrazine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of atrazine and DACT on striatal mitochondrial function, active oxygen species generation, and nitric oxide (NO) content.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNitric oxide generation is related to the activity of certain proteins located at synaptic sites. Previous findings show that NOS activity, nNOS protein expression, respiratory parameters and mitochondrial complex activities are altered in rat cerebral cortex by administration of levocabastine, an antagonist of histamine H1 and neurotensin NTS2 receptors. ATP provision by mitochondria may play an important role in the functional interaction between synaptic proteins NMDA receptor and PSD-95 with NO synthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlcohol hangover is defined as the combination of mental and physical symptoms experienced the day after a single episode of heavy drinking, starting when blood alcohol concentration approaches zero. We previously evidenced increments in free radical generation and an imbalance in antioxidant defences in non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes during hangover. It is widely known that acute alcohol exposure induces changes in nitric oxide (NO) production and blocks the binding of glutamate to NMDAR in central nervous system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew Findings: What is the central question of this study? In adult rat hearts, exposure to hypobaric hypoxia increases tolerance to hypoxia-reoxygenation, termed endogenous cardioprotection. The mechanism involves the nitric oxide system and modulation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption. What is the cardiac energetic response in prepubertal rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia? What is the main finding and its importance? Prepubertal rats, unlike adult rats, did not increase tolerance to hypoxia-reoxygenation in response acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, which impaired cardiac contractile economy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevious reports have shown that ketamine triggered apoptosis in immature developing brain involving mitochondrial-mediated pathways. However, no data for ketamine effects on hippocampal and cortical mitochondrial function are available in prepubertal rats. Twenty-one-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats received ketamine (40 mg/kg i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKetamine is widely used both as anesthetic and abuse drug. In this study, we investigated the effects of a wide range of ketamine concentrations (100-500-1000 μM) on calcium mobilization and the induction of cell death in undifferentiated PC12 cells, 24 h after treatment. Calcium mobilization was measured as the percentage of fluorescence one minute after depolarization by flow cytometry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuronal ageing is a complex physiological process, associated to metabolic and motor changes. In this study, 3 and 17 months old male Swiss mice were used. Aged mice exhibited a significant reduction in motor performance and walking footprint pattern.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlcohol hangover (AH) has been associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We herein postulate that AH-induced mitochondrial alterations can be due to a different pattern of response in synaptosomes and non-synaptic (NS) mitochondria. Mice received intraperitoneal (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotensin is known to inhibit neuronal Na , K -ATPase, an effect that is rescued by nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition. However, whether the neurotensinergic and the nitrergic systems are independent pathways, or are mechanistically linked, remains unknown. Here, we addressed this issue and found that the administration of low affinity neurotensin receptor (NTS2) antagonist, levocabastine (50 μg/kg, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlcohol hangover (AH) is the pathophysiological state after a binge-like drinking. We have previously demonstrated that AH induced bioenergetics impairments in a total fresh mitochondrial fraction in brain cortex and cerebellum. The aim of this work was to determine free radical production and antioxidant systems in non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes in control and hangover animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics have been associated with brain aging. In order to evaluate the susceptibility of brain cortex synaptosomes and non-synaptic mitochondria to aging-dependent dysfunction, male Swiss mice of 3 or 17 months old were used. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory complexes activity, together with UCP-2 protein expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Bioenerg Biomembr
October 2015
Mitochondria are essential for survival. Their primary function is to support aerobic respiration and to provide energy for intracellular metabolic pathways. Paraquat is a redox cycling agent capable of generating reactive oxygen species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlcohol hangover (AH) is defined as the temporary state after alcohol binge-like drinking, starting when ethanol (EtOH) is absent in plasma. Previous data indicate that AH induces mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical production in mouse brain cortex. The aim of this work was to study mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species production in mouse cerebellum at the onset of AH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaking into account the importance of aerobic metabolism in brain, the aim of the present work was to evaluate mitochondrial function in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in a model of sustained hypobaric hypoxia (5000 m simulated altitude) during a short (1 mo) and a long (7 mo) term period, in order to precise the mechanisms involved in hypoxia acclimatization. Hippocampal mitochondria from rats exposed to short-term hypobaric hypoxia showed lower respiratory rates than controls in both states 4 (45%) and 3 (41%), and increased NO production (1.3 fold) as well as eNOS and nNOS expression associated to mitochondrial membranes, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential decreased (7%).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDue to the high metabolic demands of the placental tissue during gestation, we decide to analyzed the mitochondrial bioenergetic functions in the human term placenta. Different mitochondrial morphological parameters, membrane potential and cardiolipin content were determined by flow cytometry. Oxygen uptake, hydrogen peroxide production and cytochrome P450 content, were also measured.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlcohol hangover (AH) is a particular state after binge-like drinking. AH begins when ethanol is absent in plasma and is characterized by a cluster of physical and psychological symptoms. Alcohol disrupts circadian patterns of behavioral and physiological parameters; however, the involvement of circadian clock on the recovery of AH was not explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial dysfunction occur during ethanol hangover. The aim of this work was to study the effect of melatonin pretreatment on motor performance and mitochondrial function during ethanol hangover. Male mice received melatonin solution or its vehicle in drinking water during 7 days and i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To determine the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training during the second half of pregnancy on endothelial NOS expression (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO) production and oxygen metabolism in human placenta.
Methods: The study included 20 nulliparous in gestational week 16-20, attending prenatal care at three tertiary hospitals in Colombia who were randomly assigned into one of two groups: The exercise group (n = 10) took part in an exercise session three times a week for 12 weeks which consisted of: aerobic exercise at an intensity of 55-75% of their maximum heart rate for 60 min and 25 mins. Resistance exercise included 5 exercise groups circuit training (50 repetitions of each) using barbells (1-3 kg/exercise) and low-to-medium resistance bands.
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in many diseases, including diabetes. It is well known that oxygen free radical species are produced endogenously by mitochondria, and also nitric oxide (NO) by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) associated to mitochondrial membranes, in consequence these organelles constitute main targets for oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to analyze mitochondrial physiology and NO production in brain cortex mitochondria of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats in an early stage of diabetes and the potential effect of L-arginine administration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParaquat is a highly toxic herbicide capable of generating oxidative stress and producing brain damage after chronic exposure. The aim of this research was to investigate the contribution of mitochondria to the molecular mechanism of apoptosis in an in vivo experimental model of paraquat neurotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley adult female rats received paraquat (10 mg/kg i.
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