Amyloid deposition in adults with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Pathological amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins have been described in resected temporal lobe specimens of epilepsy patients. We aimed to determine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42 and p181-tau levels and cerebral Aβ deposits on positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) and correlate these findings with cognitive performance in adults with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled individuals with drug-resistant TLE who were 25-55 years old.

Myasthenia gravis concurrent with Parkinson's disease in a Spanish cohort. Causation or correlation?

Background: Comorbidity between myasthenia gravis (MG) and other autoimmune diseases is well-documented. However, concurrent MG and Parkinson's disease (PD) have rarely been described. This concurrence has mostly been considered coincidental in cases reported to date.

Cortical metabolic and structural differences in patients with chronic migraine. An exploratory FDG-PET and MRI study.

Background: To describe interictal brain structural and metabolic differences between patients with episodic migraine (EM), chronic migraine (CM) and healthy controls (HC).

Methods: This is an exploratory study including right-handed age-matched women with EM, CM and HC. On the same day, a sequential interictal scan was performed with FDG-PET and MRI.

BDNF levels and nigrostriatal degeneration in "drug naïve" Parkinson's disease patients. An "in vivo" study using I-123-FP-CIT SPECT.

Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and whose cause remains unclear. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein involved in dopaminergic cells survival. Previous studies have shown decreased serum BDNF levels in PD patients.

Usefulness of FDG PET/CT in the management of tuberculosis.

Background: The aim of our study is to describe the FDG-PET/CT findings in patients with tuberculosis and to correlate them with the patient's prognosis.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients with tuberculosis, who had an FDG-PET/CT performed prior to treatment initiation from 2010 to 2015.

Results: Forty-seven out of 504 patients with active tuberculosis diagnosis (9.

Revascularization experience and results in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease: Moyamoya disease and carotid occlusion.

Introduction: Cerebral revascularization techniques are an indispensable tool in the current armamentarium of vascular neurosurgeons. We present revascularization surgery experience and results in both moyamoya disease and occlusive cerebral ischaemia.

Patients And Methods: Patients with ischaemic occlusive disease and moyamoya disease who underwent microsurgical revascularization between October 2014 and September 2017 were analysed.

Clinic-Based Validation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers with Florbetapir PET for Diagnosis of Dementia.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker studies have shown variable accuracy for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, internal validation is recommended.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between CSF biomarkers and cerebral 18-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (Amyloid-PET) and calculate their sensitivity and specificity to obtain the optimal clinical cut-off points to diagnose the etiology of cognitive impairment.

Methods: We performed Amyloid-PET scans and CSF biomarker levels analyses in 68 subjects (50 with mild cognitive impairment, 11 with AD dementia, and 7 with non-AD dementia).

Parkinsonism related to Percheron artery infarct.

Parkinsonism associated with strategic infarcts involving Substantia Nigra is extremely rare. We herein report a case of bilateral parkinsonism related to midbrain lesion secondary to Percheron Artery occlusion. This case report supports the hypothesis about the relationship between strategic vascular lesions and the subsequent development of parkinsonism.

Role of [(11)C] methionine positron emission tomography in the diagnosis and prediction of survival in brain tumours.

Objective: [(11)C] methionine (MET) positron-emission tomography (PET) is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in neuro-oncology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between MET uptake and the histopathological grade in both primary brain tumours and brain metastases. A secondary goal was to assess the relationship between MET uptake and patients' survival after surgery.

Rapid resolution of brain ischemic hypoxia after cerebral revascularization in moyamoya disease.

Background: In moyamoya disease (MMD), cerebral revascularization is recommended in patients with recurrent or progressive ischemic events and associated reduced cerebral perfusion reserve. Low-flow bypass with or without indirect revascularization is generally the standard surgical treatment. Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral partial pressure of oxygen (PtiO2) with polarographic Clark-type probes in cerebral artery bypass surgery for MMD-induced chronic cerebral ischemia has not yet been described.

Neuroimaging in status epilepticus secondary to paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis.

Aim: To describe the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis in patients with new-onset status epilepticus.

Materials And Methods: The neuroimaging and clinical data of five patients with paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis debuting as status epilepticus were retrospectively reviewed. All patients met the criteria for definite paraneoplastic syndrome and all underwent brain MRI during the status epilepticus episode or immediately after recovery.

[Functional neuroimaging in the diagnosis of patients with Parkinsonism: Update and recommendations for clinical use].

Functional Neuroimaging has been traditionally used in research for patients with different Parkinsonian syndromes. However, the emergence of commercial radiotracers together with the availability of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and, more recently, positron emission tomography (PET) have made them available for clinical practice. Particularly, the development of clinical evidence achieved by functional neuroimaging techniques over the past two decades have motivated a progressive inclusion of several biomarkers in the clinical diagnostic criteria for neurodegenerative diseases that occur with Parkinsonism.

Progressive presynaptic dopaminergic deterioration in Huntington disease: a [123I]-FP-CIT SPECT two-year follow-up study.

To illustrate the potential of [I]-FP-CIT SPECT DaTSCAN® in investigating the progression of presynaptic dopaminergic degeneration in Huntington disease (HD), we performed a 2-year follow-up [I]-FP-CIT study on 4 HD patients, evaluating the SPECT imaging based on qualitative and semiquantitative analysis. The mean annual decline in [I]-FP-CIT uptake in caudate and putamen after 2 years of follow-up was 5.8% and 9.

Quantitative evaluation of striatal I-123-FP-CIT uptake in essential tremor and parkinsonism.

Aim: The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the striatal uptake in 3 groups of patients: essential tremor (ET), drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP), and Parkinson disease (PD), using a voxel-based methodology and volumes of interests (VOIs) analysis.

Patients And Method: Sixty patients from the Neurology Department Movement Disorders outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital with I-123-FP-CIT SPECT were selected. After a clinical follow-up period of 2 years, a final clinical diagnosis of DIP was established for 20 patients (first group); 20 patients were diagnosed with ET (second group), and the third group was made up of 20 patients with a qualitatively pathologic SPECT who were diagnosed with PD.

SPECT imaging for brain improvement quantification in a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a rare recessive autosomal disease caused by mutations of the sterol 27-hydroxylase gene (CYP27), which leads to reduced synthesis of bile acids, particularly chenodeoxycholic acid (Cali et al, J Biol Chem. 1991;266:7779-7783; Gallus et al, Neurol Sci. 2006;27:143-149).

Reversible hemichorea associated with extracranial carotid artery stenosis.

Hemichorea associated with carotid artery occlusive disease is extremely rare. It has been recently suggested that carotid artery stenosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chorea, even in the absence of a preceding stroke or transient ischemic attack. Although the pathophysiology of this condition is still under discussion, some reports suggest that impaired cerebral blood flow in the basal ganglia is a key contributing factor.

Does reduced [(123)I]-FP-CIT binding in Huntington's disease suggest pre-synaptic dopaminergic involvement?

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of SPECT in assessing damage to the pre-synaptic dopaminergic system in Huntington's disease (HD) using [(123)I]-FP-CIT (DaTSCAN), a selective radioligand with regulatory approval as the diagnostic test for investigating functional dopaminergic neuron loss in the striatum in Parkinson's disease.

Methods: We studied twelve symptomatic HD patients using DaTSCAN/SPECT imaging. [(123)I]-FP-CIT caudate and putamen uptake levels were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively analyzed to assess pre-synaptic damage in the striatal dopamine system.