Publications by authors named "Lorenzo Ugga"

Background High-quality translations of radiology reports are essential for optimal patient care. Because of limited availability of human translators with medical expertise, large language models (LLMs) are a promising solution, but their ability to translate radiology reports remains largely unexplored. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy and quality of various LLMs in translating radiology reports across high-resource languages (English, Italian, French, German, and Chinese) and low-resource languages (Swedish, Turkish, Russian, Greek, and Thai).

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  • - Malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor (MMNST) is a rare and aggressive tumor that arises in both peripheral and cranial nerves, accounting for less than 1% of all nerve sheath tumors, but its true prevalence is uncertain due to changes in classification.
  • - Unlike previously thought, MMNST is now recognized as a distinct tumor type with unique clinical and biological characteristics, often linked to a specific genetic marker and frequently found in patients with Carney Complex.
  • - This report discusses a patient with MMNST, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach, and presents the first case of proton beam therapy for this condition while reviewing recent literature to address diagnostic challenges and histopathological pitfalls.
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Hearing loss is the most common sensory impairment globally and can affect all ages. It can be classified into two categories, conductive and sensorineural, though both conditions may coexist. Various causes may be responsible for hearing loss including congenital, infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic.

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Over the last few years, radiation therapy (RT) techniques have evolved very rapidly, with the aim of conforming high-dose volume tightly to a target. Although to date CT is still considered the imaging modality for target delineation, it has some known limited capabilities in properly identifying pathologic processes occurring, for instance, in soft tissues. This limitation, along with other advantages such as dose reduction, can be overcome using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is increasingly being recognized as a useful tool in RT clinical practice.

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Purpose: This study aims to evaluate current reporting practices in radiomics research, with a focus on CheckList for EvaluAtion of Radiomics research (CLEAR).

Methods: We conducted a citation search using Google Scholar to collect original research articles on radiomics citing the CLEAR guideline up to June 17, 2024. We examined the adoption of the guideline, adherence scores per publication, item-wise adherence rates, and self-reporting practices.

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Objectives: This study aims to assess and contrast cognitive and psychological aspects of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS-MCI) and geriatric patients (G-MCI) with mild cognitive impairment, focusing on potential predictors like pain, mood disorders, blood biomarkers, and age-related white matter changes (ARWMCs).

Methods: The study enrolled 40 BMS-MCI and 40 geriatric G-MCI, matching them by age, gender, and educational background. Participants underwent psychological, sleepiness, and cognitive assessment including the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Trail Making Test (TMT), Corsi Block-Tapping Task, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Copying Geometric Drawings Test, Frontal Assessment Battery, and Digit Cancellation Test.

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  • Alterations in the basilar artery (BA) anatomy may be linked to Fabry disease (FD), but their clinical significance is unclear due to a lack of data on their impact on patient outcomes.
  • A study involving brain MRIs of 53 FD subjects assessed the BA diameter and tortuosity index but found no significant correlations with clinical or imaging data.
  • The stability of BA metrics over a 2-year follow-up period indicates that these vessel changes do not predict patient clinical status, suggesting a need to reevaluate their role in the context of FD.
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Objective: DYNC1H1 variants are involved on a disease spectrum from neuromuscular disorders to neurodevelopmental disorders. DYNC1H1-related epilepsy has been reported in small cohorts. We dissect the electroclinical features of 34 patients harboring de novo DYNC1H1 pathogenic variants, identify subphenotypes on the DYNC1H1-related epilepsy spectrum, and compare the genotype-phenotype correlations observed in our cohort with the literature.

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  • - AI can help improve medical imaging by making predictions, but it can also have problems with bias, which means it might make mistakes based on unfair information.
  • - Even though AI might reduce human errors, it can sometimes learn these biases itself, which can lead to harm in patient care.
  • - The authors conducted a review to help doctors and scientists understand and fix bias in AI to make sure it works better and is safer for patients.
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  • Central nervous system tumors are significant in children due to their prevalence and effects on health, highlighting the need for advanced imaging techniques to assess these conditions more thoroughly.* -
  • Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, including radiomics and artificial intelligence, are enhancing the characterization, grading, and prognosis of pediatric brain tumors beyond traditional visual assessment.* -
  • A review of relevant literature from 2008 to 2024 identified 63 studies that explore the roles of radiomics and AI in improving the management of pediatric brain tumors through more detailed and quantitative imaging analysis.*
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Background: Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) and hereditary spastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7) represent the most common genotypes of spastic ataxia (SPAX). To date, their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features have only been described qualitatively, and a pure neuroradiological differential diagnosis between these two conditions is difficult to achieve.

Objectives: To test the performance of MRI measures to discriminate between ARSACS and SPG7 (as an index of common SPAX disease).

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This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of a machine learning approach that utilized radiomic features extracted from Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) images and inflammatory biomarkers for distinguishing between Dentigerous Cysts (DCs), Odontogenic Keratocysts (OKCs), and Unicystic Ameloblastomas (UAs). This retrospective study involves 103 patients who underwent jaw lesion surgery in the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of Federico II University Of Naples between January 2018 and January 2023. Nonparametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for continuous variables.

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Background: Pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas are the most common lesions of the sellar region. These tumors are responsible for invasion or compression of crucial neurovascular structures. The involvement of the pituitary stalk warrants high rates of both pre- and post- operative diabetes insipidus.

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Purpose: To propose a new quality scoring tool, METhodological RadiomICs Score (METRICS), to assess and improve research quality of radiomics studies.

Methods: We conducted an online modified Delphi study with a group of international experts. It was performed in three consecutive stages: Stage#1, item preparation; Stage#2, panel discussion among EuSoMII Auditing Group members to identify the items to be voted; and Stage#3, four rounds of the modified Delphi exercise by panelists to determine the items eligible for the METRICS and their weights.

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Objective: Malignant salivary glands tumors (MSGTs) are a quite rare and heterogeneous group of tumors. Management of these lesions remains controversial and challenging. Thus, finding new prognostic factors that can help to guide the decision-making process, appears to be paramount.

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With the advent of large language models (LLMs), the artificial intelligence revolution in medicine and radiology is now more tangible than ever. Every day, an increasingly large number of articles are published that utilize LLMs in radiology. To adopt and safely implement this new technology in the field, radiologists should be familiar with its key concepts, understand at least the technical basics, and be aware of the potential risks and ethical considerations that come with it.

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Purpose: Cognitive impairment is described in 80% of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. Brain focal areas of T2w increased signal intensity on MRI, the so-called Unidentified Bright Objects (UBOs) have been hypothesized to be related to cognitive dysfunction, although conflicting results are available in literature. Here, we investigated the possible relation between UBOs' volume, cognitive impairment, and language disability in NF1 patients.

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Objectives: To investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the total radiomics quality score (RQS) and the reproducibility of individual RQS items' score in a large multireader study.

Methods: Nine raters with different backgrounds were randomly assigned to three groups based on their proficiency with RQS utilization: Groups 1 and 2 represented the inter-rater reliability groups with or without prior training in RQS, respectively; group 3 represented the intra-rater reliability group. Thirty-three original research papers on radiomics were evaluated by raters of groups 1 and 2.

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Background: Cholesteatoma is caused by disorders of the middle ear ventilation that trigger a progressive series of events responsible for its formation. The aim of this study was to identify possible radiological CT-derived parameters predisposing to ventilation disorders and cholesteatoma.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media who underwent temporal bone CT and open tympanoplasty surgery have been included, as well as control patients with clinical examination negative for organic otological pathology who underwent temporal bone CT for other reasons.

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The latest WHO Classification of tumours of the Central Nervous System (CNS) emphasizes the necessity of an integrated diagnostic approach during the workup of a CNS neoplasm. In addition to the mutational status, assessment of methylation profile of a tumour emerged as a helpful (often necessary) tool to make a correct and unequivocal diagnosis. Here we present a case of a Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma with clinical, radiological and histopathological findings remarkably overlapping with a recently described paediatric-type glioma namly Polymorphic Low-grade Neuroepithelial Tumour of the Young (PLNTY).

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  • The study aimed to evaluate various manual segmentation methods of placenta MRI images to predict Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) disorders in patients with placenta previa using machine learning radiomics analysis.
  • A total of 64 patients underwent MRI, with different segmentation techniques applied to identify areas of interest in the placenta and surrounding tissues, followed by a rigorous validation process to find the most effective method for predicting PAS.
  • Results indicated that the segmentation method focusing on the retroplacental myometrium yielded the highest prediction accuracy for PAS, suggesting its significance in developing predictive models in clinical settings.
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  • The sellar region in the brain can have lots of different types of growths, making it tricky for doctors to identify problems correctly.
  • Researchers studied three unusual cases that looked like common brain tumors but turned out to be different types of diseases.
  • It's important for doctors to work together and consider all possibilities before surgery, as this helps manage unexpected findings better.
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