Studying the Outcomes in Patients with Tricuspid Regurgitation Treated with Valve Repair or Valve Replacement: Interpreting the Survival Pattern on The Long Term by Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods.

Background: The reconstruction of individual patient data from published Kaplan-Meier survival curves is a new technique (often denoted as the IPDfromKM method) for studying efficacy in cases where multiple trials are available, and the endpoint is long-term mortality. In patients with tricuspid regurgitation, both valve repair and valve replacement have been proposed to improve prognosis; 6 controlled clinical trials (CTs) have been conducted to compare the two therapeutic options mentioned above. The objective of our analysis was to study these six trials through the application of the IPDfromKM method.

Radiofrequency Ablation, Cryotherapy Ablation, or Pulsed-Field Ablation to Treat Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Unresponsive to Pharmacological Treatments: Interpreting Efficacy Through Reconstruction of Individual Patient Data From Randomized Trials.

Three techniques of catheter ablation (CA; radiofrequency, cryoballoon, and pulsed-field ablation) are available to treat patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) who do not adequately respond to pharmacological treatments. Our study was aimed at comparing these techniques based on the data of randomized studies because these are considered the best sources of efficacy data. After selecting pertinent trials, our analysis studied the time-to-event data published for these three techniques.

Pediatric unit spending in the North of Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, accesses to pediatric health care services decreased, as well as the consumption of traditional drugs, while the median cost per patient at the emergency department slightly increased and the cost of pediatric COVID-19 admissions to the pediatric ward too. Overall spending of a secondary level Pediatric Unit in the last two years has not been previously reported.

Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted by the Pediatric Unit of S.

Survival in Patients with Relapsed-Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Indirect Comparison of Six New Treatments.

In recent years, new treatments have been studied for relapsed-refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), including two CAR-T products and a variety of non-CAR-T agents. Since direct comparisons between these innovative treatments are not available, indirect comparisons can be of interest. Reconstruction of individual patient data from Kaplan-Meier graphs (e.

[Application of artificial intelligence for an early comparison of efficacy between new cancer drugs.].

Introduction: The clinical choice among recently approved cancer drugs is burdened by the absence of direct comparisons in terms of efficacy across these new agents. In this article we present the IPDfromKM method, an artificial intelligence (AI) application that aims to facilitate the analyses on efficacy based on secondary data.

Methods: Seven therapeutic areas were selected in which at least three new agents were recently approved.

Survival with novel hormonal therapies in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: indirect comparison of three randomized phase-III trials.

Introduction: In recent years, new treatments have been approved for nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (M0CRPC). Because direct comparisons between these treatments are not available to guide treatment decisions, indirect comparisons can be of interest.

Methods: Our analysis evaluated second-generation hormone treatments proposed for M0CRPC.

First-line chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy in PD-L1-negative patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

In PD-L1-negative patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), conclusive evidence in support of specific treatments remains lacking. The efficacy of first-line chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy alone was compared. Eligible randomized studies that included patients with advanced NSCLC irrespective of PD-L1 status who were treated with chemoimmunotherapy as the first line were identified.

Medical Therapy, Radiofrequency Ablation, or Cryoballoon Ablation as First-Line Treatment for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Interpreting Efficacy Through the Shiny Method.

In patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, cryoballoon ablation (CBA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) represent two therapeutic approaches supported by increasing literature. While both these ablation techniques play a role during different stages of the patient's therapeutic pathway, their use as first-line is being increasingly recognized. This scoping review comparatively examined the evidence of effectiveness for these two ablation techniques.

The Degree of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Positivity as a Determinant of Outcomes in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

In metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with chemotherapy has been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Despite this, an indirect comparison is not yet available. Reconstruction of individual patient data from Kaplan-Meier curves allows the indirect comparison of different treatments.

Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Mismatch Repair-Deficient or Microsatellite Instability-High Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Analysis of Three Phase-II Trials.

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors are increasingly used in a variety of solid tumors. In patients with DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer, their efficacy has been demonstrated in recently published phase-II trials. However, an indirect comparison of effectiveness between pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and nivolumab+ipilimumab is not yet available.

Evaluation of maintenance treatment with PARP inhibitors in ovarian carcinoma patients responding to platinum therapy: Use of restricted mean survival time as an index of efficacy.

Background: Maintenance therapy using poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPIs) is an important therapeutic option in advanced ovarian cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated randomized studies (n = 5) describing the effect of maintenance therapy with PARPIs; they were obtained mainly by searching PubMed. Patient data for the analysis were derived from progression-free survival curves.

Restricted mean survival time as outcome measure in advanced urothelial bladder cancer: analysis of 4 clinical studies.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced urothelial carcinoma. We selected seven cohorts of patients published in four clinical trials. The restricted mean survival time (RMST) was used to analyze survival curves, perform the comparisons and rank the treatments based on their effectiveness.