Background: Unstable ankle fractures are very frequent. Given the instability, they often require surgical treatment, but literature scarcely reports on the outcomes of their management.
Questions/purposes: For this systematic review we asked: (1) What are the outcomes in treatment of unstable ankle fractures? (2) What about complications of treatment in unstable fractures? (3) What factors influence the outcomes? (4) What about the role of the posterior malleolus?
Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were interrogated using the search terms "bimalleolar" or "trimalleolar" and "fracture".
Purpose: A growing number of studies on animal models have demonstrated that some ocular diseases are the result of the interaction between hyalocytes and the ocular inflammatory setting. Endogenous and exogenous substances might alter the structure and behavior of hyalocytes that can contribute to the pathogenesis of some ocular diseases. Obtaining primary cultures of human hyalocytes could help understand the role of these cells in response to different treatments.
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