Enzyme-Based Biostimulants Influence Physiological and Biochemical Responses of L.

Biostimulants (BSs) are natural materials (i.e., organic or inorganic compounds, and/or microorganisms) having beneficial effects on plant growth and productivity, and able to improve resilience/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Tobacco Plastid Transformation as Production Platform of Lytic Polysaccharide MonoOxygenase Auxiliary Enzymes.

Plant biomass is the most abundant renewable resource in nature. In a circular economy perspective, the implementation of its bioconversion into fermentable sugars is of great relevance. Lytic Polysaccharide MonoOxygenases (LPMOs) are accessory enzymes able to break recalcitrant polysaccharides, boosting biomass conversion and subsequently reducing costs.

Plastid Transformation: New Challenges in the Circular Economy Era.

In a circular economy era the transition towards renewable and sustainable materials is very urgent. The development of bio-based solutions, that can ensure technological circularity in many priority areas (e.g.

Cultivated Tomato ( L.) Suffered a Severe Cytoplasmic Bottleneck during Domestication: Implications from Chloroplast Genomes.

In various crops, genetic bottlenecks occurring through domestication can limit crop resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we investigated nucleotide diversity in tomato chloroplast genome through sequencing seven plastomes of cultivated accessions from the Campania region (Southern Italy) and two wild species among the closest () and most distantly related () species to cultivated tomatoes. Comparative analyses among the chloroplast genomes sequenced in this work and those available in GenBank allowed evaluating the variability of plastomes and defining phylogenetic relationships.

The Complete Plastome Sequences of Eleven Genotypes: Insights into DNA Variation and Molecular Evolution.

Members of the genus are of great economic importance, including both wild forms and cultivars of peppers and chilies. The high number of potentially informative characteristics that can be identified through next-generation sequencing technologies gave a huge boost to evolutionary and comparative genomic research in higher plants. Here, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the plastomes of eight species (eleven genotypes), representing the three main taxonomic groups in the genus and estimated molecular diversity.

High-level production of single chain monellin mutants with enhanced sweetness and stability in tobacco chloroplasts.

Plastid-based MNEI protein mutants retain the structure, stability and sweetness of their bacterial counterparts, confirming the attractiveness of the plastid transformation technology for high-yield production of recombinant proteins. The prevalence of obesity and diabetes has dramatically increased the industrial demand for the development and use of alternatives to sugar and traditional sweeteners. Sweet proteins, such as MNEI, a single chain derivative of monellin, are the most promising candidates for industrial applications.

High-level expression of thermostable cellulolytic enzymes in tobacco transplastomic plants and their use in hydrolysis of an industrially pretreated Arundo donax L. biomass.

Background: Biofuels production from plant biomasses is a complex multi-step process with important economic burdens. Several biotechnological approaches have been pursued to reduce biofuels production costs. The aim of the present study was to explore the production in tobacco plastome of three genes encoding (hemi)cellulolytic enzymes from thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacterium and Archaea, respectively, and test their application in the bioconversion of an important industrially pretreated biomass feedstock (A.

High-level expression of the HIV-1 Pr55gag polyprotein in transgenic tobacco chloroplasts.

Plants have been recognized as a promising production platform for recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. The human immunodeficiency virus Gag (Pr55(gag)) structural polyprotein precursor is a prime candidate for developing a HIV-1 vaccine, but, so far, has been expressed at very low level in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate factors potentially involved in Pr55(gag) expression and increase protein yield in plant cells.