Renal tumor segmentation, visualization, and segmentation confidence using ensembles of neural networks in patients undergoing surgical resection.

Objectives: To develop an automatic segmentation model for solid renal tumors on contrast-enhanced CTs and to visualize segmentation with associated confidence to promote clinical applicability.

Materials And Methods: The training dataset included solid renal tumor patients from two tertiary centers undergoing surgical resection and receiving CT in the corticomedullary or nephrogenic contrast media (CM) phase. Manual tumor segmentation was performed on all axial CT slices serving as reference standard for automatic segmentations.

[Management of Injuries to the Parenchymal Abdominal Organs].

The most common organs affected by abdominal trauma are the spleen and the liver, often in combination. Pancreatic injuries are rare. In the case of blunt abdominal trauma, which is much more common, a clinical and laboratory examination as well as sonography should be performed.

Radiomics and machine learning for renal tumor subtype assessment using multiphase computed tomography in a multicenter setting.

Objectives: To distinguish histological subtypes of renal tumors using radiomic features and machine learning (ML) based on multiphase computed tomography (CT).

Material And Methods: Patients who underwent surgical treatment for renal tumors at two tertiary centers from 2012 to 2022 were included retrospectively. Preoperative arterial (corticomedullary) and venous (nephrogenic) phase CT scans from these centers, as well as from external imaging facilities, were manually segmented, and standardized radiomic features were extracted.

[Staging and Diagnostics of Rectal Cancer].

The review titled "Staging and Diagnostics of Rectal Cancer" aims to provide insight to imaging techniques in patients with rectal cancer.Rectal cancer is among the most common malignancies, with one of the highest mortality rates worldwide. Timely diagnosis and therapy of this cancer therefore has important socio-economic implications.

Time to Deliver on Promises: The Role of ERBB2 Alterations as Treatment Options for Colorectal Cancer Patients in the Era of Precision Oncology.

(), also known as (), represents an oncogenic driver and has been effectively targeted in breast and gastric cancer. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) discovered as a promising therapeutic target in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), where it is altered in 3-5% of patients, but no therapies are currently approved for this use. Herein, we present the experience of a single center in diagnosing actionable genetic alterations using NGS and utilizing the latest therapeutic options.

Visualization of deglutition and gastroesophageal reflux using real-time MRI: a standardized approach to image acquisition and assessment.

This study aims to develop a standardized algorithm for gastroesophageal image acquisition and diagnostic assessment using real-time MRI. Patients with GERD symptoms undergoing real-time MRI of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction between 2015 and 2018 were included. A 10 ml bolus of pineapple juice served as an oral contrast agent.

Causes of Hypoxemia in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Combined Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique and Dual-energy Computed Tomography Study.

Background: Despite the fervent scientific effort, a state-of-the art assessment of the different causes of hypoxemia (shunt, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and diffusion limitation) in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is currently lacking. In this study, the authors hypothesized a multifactorial genesis of hypoxemia and aimed to measure the relative contribution of each of the different mechanism and their relationship with the distribution of tissue and blood within the lung.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the authors prospectively enrolled 10 patients with COVID-19 ARDS who had been intubated for less than 7 days.

Management of Aortoesophageal Fistula in a Palliative Patient with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report.

Introduction: Aortoesophageal fistulas are a rare but life-threatening complication in patients with thoracic malignancies.

Case Presentation: We describe a case of a 55-year-old female patient with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Due to esophageal tumor compression, a fully covered self-expanding metal stent (fcSEMS) had been deployed in the esophagus several months before.

[Treatment recommendation and care in traumatic rupture of the spleen].

The spleen is the most frequently affected organ in blunt abdominal trauma. Initial diagnostics include the physical examination, laboratory blood controls and ultrasound. Furthermore, a triphasic dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan is indicated.

T1 mapping of the prostate using Single-Shot T1FLASH and MOLLI MRI Techniques: Comparison of artifact burden and image quality.

Purpose: To assess artifact burden and image quality of different MRI T1 mapping techniques of the prostate.

Methods: Participants with suspected prostate cancer (PCa) were prospectively enrolled from June-October 2022 and examined with multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI; 3 T scanner; T1wi, T2wi, DWI und DCE). T1 mapping was performed before and after administration of gadolinium-based contrast-agent (GBCA) using (i) a modified Look-Locker inversion (MOLLI) technique and (ii) a novel single-shot T1FLASH inversion recovery technique.

[Metastasis or sarcoidosis - a diagnostic pitfall in metastatic rectal carcinoma].

Background: Granulomatous diseases as sarcoidosis can impair the staging of metastatic diseases since metastasis are hard to distinguish from granulomas in standard imaging. This case report describes the diagnostic workup and therapy in a patient with simultaneous sarcoidosis and rectal cancer with hepatic metastasis and how a curative stadium was achieved.

Case Description: A 71-year old male patient was diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the rectum after presenting with involuntary weight loss and anemia.

Dual-Positive MPO- and PR3-ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Booster Vaccination: A Case Report and Systematic Review.

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ongoing, and new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are emerging, vaccines are needed to protect individuals at high risk of complications and to potentially control disease outbreaks by herd immunity. After SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) presenting with a pulmonary hemorrhage has been described. Previous studies suggested that monocytes upregulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II cell surface receptor human leukocyte antigen receptor (HLA-DR) molecules in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) patients with proteinase 3 (PR3)- and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA seropositivity.

Kinetics of human leukocyte antigen receptor HLA-DR monocytes and T lymphocytes during remission induction therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is characterized by small vessel inflammation and the presence of autoantibodies against cytoplasmic proteases, most often proteinase-3 and myeloperoxidase. Peripheral blood monocytes are an important source of local macrophage accumulation within parenchymal organs, as evidenced by their presence in early lesions in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II cell surface receptor human leukocyte antigen receptor (HLA-DR) allows antigen presentation to T cells and is crucial for the initiation of an immune response.

Assessment of esophagogastric junction morphology by dynamic real-time MRI: comparison of imaging features to high-resolution manometry.

Purpose: To assess the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) on real-time MRI and compare imaging parameters to EGJ morphology on high-resolution manometry (HRM).

Methods: A total of 105 of 117 eligible patients who underwent real-time MRI and high-resolution manometry for GERD-like symptoms between 2015 and 2018 at a single center were retrospectively evaluated (male n = 57; female n = 48; mean age 52.5 ± 15.

Phantom study for comparison between computed tomography- and C-Arm computed tomography-guided puncture applied by residents in radiology.

Purpose: Comparison of puncture deviation and puncture duration between computed tomography (CT)- and C-arm CT (CACT)-guided puncture performed by residents in training (RiT).

Methods: In a cohort of 25 RiTs enrolled in a research training program either CT- or CACT-guided puncture was performed on a phantom. Prior to the experiments, the RiT's level of training, experience playing a musical instrument, video games, and ball sports, and self-assessed manual skills and spatial skills were recorded.

Assessment of esophageal motility disorders by real-time MRI.

Purpose: To investigate imaging findings of esophageal motility disorders on dynamic real-time.

Material And Methods: 102 patients with GERD-like symptoms were included in this retrospective study between 2015-2018. Dynamic real-time MRI visualized the transit of a 10 mL pineapple juice bolus through the esophagus and EGJ with a temporal resolution of 40 ms.

Discriminating malignant and benign clinical T1 renal masses on computed tomography: A pragmatic radiomics and machine learning approach.

The aim of this study was to discriminate malignant and benign clinical T1 renal masses on routinely acquired computed tomography (CT) images using radiomics and machine learning techniques.Adult patients undergoing surgical resection and histopathological analysis of clinical T1 renal masses were included. Preoperative CT studies in venous phase from multiple referring centers were included, without restriction to specific CT scanners, slice thickness, or degrees of artifacts.

Real-time MRI for dynamic assessment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: Comparison to pH-metry and impedance.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of real-time MRI for dynamic assessment of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)-like symptoms compared to pH-metry and impedance.

Methods: Patients who underwent real-time MRI and pH-metry between 2015-2018 were included in this retrospective study. Real-time MRI at 3 T was achieved by undersampled radial FLASH acquisitions with iterative image reconstruction by NLINV.

Impact of Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy with Low Negative Pressure for Esophageal Perforations and Postoperative Anastomotic Esophageal Leaks.

Introduction: Management of esophageal anastomotic leaks (AL) and esophageal perforations (EP) remains difficult and often requires an interdisciplinary treatment modality. For primary endoscopic management, self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) placement is often considered first-line therapy. Recently, endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has emerged as an alternative or adjunct for management of these conditions.

Hiatal hernias in patients with GERD-like symptoms: evaluation of dynamic real-time MRI vs endoscopy.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic potential of real-time MRI for assessment of hiatal hernias in patients with GERD-like symptoms compared to endoscopy.

Material And Methods: One hundred eight patients with GERD-like symptoms were included in this observational cohort study between 2015 and 2017. Real-time MRI was performed at 3.

Splenic torsion with involvement of pancreas and descending colon in a 9-year-old boy.

Splenic torsion is an uncommon condition becoming clinically apparent when the spleen twists or rotates around the organ's vascular pedicle. In the case of a wandering spleen the organ is only attached to an elongated vascular pedicle while the peritoneal attachments are absent. However, splenic torsion could also occur in patients with abnormal laxity of the splenic peritoneal attachments.

Future liver remnant growth after various portal vein embolization regimens: a quantitative comparison.

To compare the efficacy of right portal vein embolization using ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH-PVE) compared to other embolic agents and surgical right portal vein ligation (PVL). Patients with right sided liver malignancies scheduled for extensive surgery and receiving induction of liver hypertrophy via right portal vein embolization/ligature between 2010-2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Treatments included were ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx®, EVOH-PVE), ethiodized oil (Lipiodol, Lipiodol/PVA-PVE), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-PVE) or surgical ligature (PVL).

Real-time MRI for the dynamic assessment of fundoplication failure in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic potential of dynamic real-time MRI for fundoplication failure in patients with persistent or recurrent GERD-like (gastroesophageal reflux disease) complaints.

Material And Methods: Twenty-two consecutive patients (male n = 11; female n = 11; median age 59 years) with recurrent or persistent GERD-like symptom after fundoplication were enrolled between 2015 and 2017. Median duration of GERD-like symptoms was 21 months.

Pre- and post-contrast versus post-contrast cone-beam breast CT: can we reduce radiation exposure while maintaining diagnostic accuracy?

Objectives: To evaluate whether post-contrast cone-beam breast CT (CBBCT) alone is comparable to the current standard of combined pre- and post-contrast CBBCT regarding diagnostic accuracy and superior regarding radiation exposure.

Material And Methods: This study included 49 women (61 breasts) with median age 57.9 years and BI-RADS 4/5 lesions diagnosed on mammography/ultrasound in density type c/d breasts.

Diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam breast computed tomography: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis.

Purpose: To review the published evidence on cone-beam breast computed tomography (CBBCT) and summarize its diagnostic accuracy for breast lesion assessment.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the EMBASE, MEDLINE and CENTRAL libraries. Studies were included if reporting sensitivity and specificity for discrimination of benign and malignant breast lesions via breast CT.