Nicotine and Tobacco as Substances of Abuse in Children and Adolescents.

Nicotine is the primary pharmacologic component of tobacco, and users of tobacco products seek out its effects. The highly addictive nature of nicotine is responsible for its widespread use and difficulty with quitting. This technical report focuses on nicotine and discusses the stages of use in progression to dependence on nicotine-containing products; the physiologic characteristics, neurobiology, metabolism, pharmacogenetics, and health effects of nicotine; and acute nicotine toxicity.

Developing an SMS Intervention for the Prevention of Underage Drinking: Results From Focus Groups.

Background: There is growing evidence that text messaging-"short message service" (SMS)-is useful for health promotion and behavior change. SMS has become a preferred channel of communication among adolescents. Despite burgeoning interest, there remains a critical need for formative research regarding developmentally and culturally appropriate SMS-based health promotion with teenagers.

Hydrosalpinx in Postmenarchal Nonsexually Active Girls: A Review of 6 Cases in a Children's Hospital.

Background: The objective of the study was to identify the presence of hydrosalpinx in postmenarchal nonsexually active girls in a children's hospital and to review the available literature on hydrosalpinx in this population.

Cases: In a tertiary care children's hospital, we performed a retrospective review of charts from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2014 and identified six cases of hydrosalpinx in postmenarchal nonsexually active female adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 19 years old. The diagnosis of hydrosalpinx was made using imaging studies.

Testing for drugs of abuse in children and adolescents.

Drug testing is often used as part of an assessment for substance use in children and adolescents. However, the indications for drug testing and guidance on how to use this procedure effectively are not clear. The complexity and invasiveness of the procedure and limitations to the information derived from drug testing all affect its utility.

Worsening hypertriglyceridemia with oral contraceptive pills in an adolescent with HIV-associated lipodystrophy: a case report and review of the literature.

Abstract We report a case of a 17-year-old girl with a history of congenital human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and lipodystrophy secondary to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). She developed severe worsening of preexisting hypertriglyceridemia after treatment with oral contraceptive pills (OCP) for polycystic ovary syndrome. Her hypertriglyceridemia improved upon OCP discontinuation.

Glucose metabolism in overweight Hispanic adolescents with and without polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objectives: About one third of overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have either impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) by the age of 30. We sought to determine if overweight Hispanic adolescents with PCOS are more likely to be insulin resistant and glucose intolerant than those without PCOS.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 101 subjects with PCOS and 40 without PCOS was conducted.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder in an adolescent female.

Background: A severe cyclic constellation of affective symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is termed premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

Case: A 17-yr-old female was referred for evaluation of behavior changes with her menses. Parents noted behavior changes, two to three days before the onset and lasting till the end of her menses.

Inhalant use in Florida youth.

Purpose: To determine (1) the prevalence of use, (2) risk and protective factors for use of inhalants in Florida youth.

Methods: The Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey 2004 is a comprehensive assessment of youth substance abuse attitudes and practices obtained by sampling youth from sixty-five counties.

Results: The sample consisted of 60,345 students from 6th to 12th grade; ages 10 to 19 + years (mean 14.

Fostering resilience in adolescent females.

The health of adolescent females can be compromised by new social morbidities resulting from high-risk behaviors. The presence of various risk factors will increase the chances of their becoming involved in these behaviors and decrease their ability to reach the milestones of this developmental age. Protective factors will moderate these risks.

Prevalence and risk factors for LSD use among young women.

Study Objective: To report the lifetime prevalence of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and to identify unique correlates of using this substance in the last year among a large multiethnic sample of sexually active adolescent and young adult women aged 14 to 26 yrs.

Design, Setting, Participants: A cross-sectional survey, administered at university-based ambulatory reproductive health clinics, was completed by 904 women between April and November of 1997 to identify risk factors associated with their use of LSD within the past 12 months. Subjects who reported lifetime, but not past 12 months', use of marijuana, LSD, or other illicit drugs were excluded, leaving a sample of 368 nonusers and 56 users of LSD.

Tobacco use as a predictor of illicit drug use and drug-related problems in Colombian youth.

Purpose: To examine the extent to which personality and peer factors mediate the relationship between early cigarette use and later illicit drug use, as well as associated drug use problems, in a population of Colombian adolescents.

Methods: A longitudinal study (2-year interval), using face-to-face structured interviews was begun in 1996 using a community-based sample, randomly selected from census data in three cities in Colombia, South America. The participants were 2837 adolescents with a mean age of 15.