Transcriptome Profiling of Infected with Low or Highly Pathogenic Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV).

The rainbow trout () is the most important produced species in freshwater within the European Union, usually reared in intensive farming systems. This species is highly susceptible to viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), a severe systemic disease widespread globally throughout the world. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is the etiological agent and, recently, three classes of VHSV virulence (high, moderate, and low) have been proposed based on the mortality rates, which are strictly dependent on the viral strain.

Tilapia lake virus: A structured phylogenetic approach.

Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV), also known as , is an emerging pathogen affecting both wild and farmed tilapia ( spp.), which is considered one of the most important fish species for human consumption. Since its first report in Israel in 2014, Tilapia Lake Virus has spread globally causing mortality rates up to 90%.

Efficacy of DNA Vaccines in Protecting Rainbow Trout against VHS and IHN under Intensive Farming Conditions.

Despite the negative impact of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) on European rainbow trout farming, no vaccines are commercially available in Europe. DNA vaccines are protective under experimental conditions, but testing under intensive farming conditions remains uninvestigated. Two DNA vaccines encoding the glycoproteins (G) of recent Italian VHSV and IHNV isolates were developed and tested for potency and safety under experimental conditions.

Role of Rotifers in Betanodavirus Transmission to European Sea Bass Larvae.

Marine invertebrates such as rotifers or , frequently used for fish larvae feeding, can be a potential source of pathogens. It has been demonstrated that can act as a nervous necrosis virus (NNV)-vector to Senegalese sole larvae. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify the role of rotifers in NNV transmission to sea bass larvae following an oral challenge.

Pathogenicity of Different Betanodavirus RGNNV/SJNNV Reassortant Strains in European Sea Bass.

European sea bass () is an important farmed marine species for Mediterranean aquaculture. Outbreaks of betanodavirus represent one of the main infectious threats for this species. The red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus genotype (RGNNV) is the most widely spread in Southern Europe, while the striped jack nervous necrosis virus genotype (SJNNV) has been rarely detected.

Multifactorial Causes of Chronic Mortality in Juvenile Sturgeon ().

This investigation focused on an episode of chronic mortality observed in juvenile sturgeons. The examined subjects underwent pathological, microbiological, molecular, and chemical investigations. Grossly severe body shape deformities, epaxial muscle softening, and multifocal ulcerative dermatitis were the main observed findings.

Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy is endemic in wild groupers (genus Epinephelus spp.) of the Algerian coast.

This work describes betanodavirus infection in two species of groupers (family Serranidae) from the Algerian coast: the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus and the golden grouper Epinephelus costae. At necropsy, characteristic clinical signs, external injuries, clouded eyes and brain congestion, generally associated with viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) infection were observed. The partial sequences of RNA1 and RNA2 from two viral strains were obtained, and the phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) genotype closely related to strains previously detected in groupers in the same geographic area.

Synergistic targeting of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells by MDM2 inhibitors and TRAIL agonists.

Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a chemoresistant tumor characterized by low rate of p53 mutation and upregulation of Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2), suggesting that it may be effectively targeted using MDM2 inhibitors. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer activity of the MDM2 inhibitors Nutlin 3a (in vitro) and RG7112 (in vivo), as single agents or in combination with rhTRAIL.In vitro studies were performed using MPM cell lines derived from epithelioid (ZL55, M14K), biphasic (MSTO211H) and sarcomatoid (ZL34) MPMs.

Evidence of the causal role of human papillomavirus type 58 in an oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Persistent human papillomavirus infection (HPV) is recognized as an important etiologic factor for a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), especially those arising from the oropharynx. Whereas HPV16 accounts for the majority of HPV DNA-positive oropharyngeal SCC, infections with other mucosal high-risk HPV types are quite rare and biological data demonstrating their causal involvement are insufficient. Here we present the first case of an oropharyngeal SCC driven by HPV type 58.

Widespread increase in myeloid calcifying cells contributes to ectopic vascular calcification in type 2 diabetes.

Rationale: Acquisition of a procalcific phenotype by resident or circulating cells is important for calcification of atherosclerotic plaques, which is common in diabetes.

Objective: We aim to identify and characterize circulating calcifying cells, and to delineate a pathophysiological role for these cells in type 2 diabetes.

Methods And Results: We demonstrate for the first time that a distinct subpopulation of circulating cells expressing osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase (OC(+)BAP(+)) has procalcific activity in vitro and in vivo.