Disaster Risk Planning With Fuzzy Goal Programming.

The uncertainty in the timing and severity of disaster events makes the long-term planning of mitigation and recovery actions both critical and extremely difficult. Planners often use expected values for hazard occurrences, leaving communities vulnerable to worse-than-usual and even so-called "black swan" events. This research models disasters in terms of their best-case, most-likely, and worst-case damage estimates.

Development and evaluation of methods for structured recording of heart murmur findings using SNOMED-CT post-coordination.

Objective: This study evaluated an existing SNOMED-CT model for structured recording of heart murmur findings and compared it to a concept-dependent attributes model using content from SNOMED-CT.

Methods: The authors developed a model for recording heart murmur findings as an alternative to SNOMED-CT's use of Interprets and Has interpretation. A micro-nomenclature was then created to support each model using subset and extension mechanisms described for SNOMED-CT.