3D reconstruction of Wilms' tumor and kidneys in children: Variability, usefulness and constraints.

Introduction: Wilms' tumor (WT) is the most common type of malignant kidney tumor in children. Three-dimensional reconstructions can be performed pre-operatively to help surgeons in the planning phase.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the variability of WT segmentation and 3D reconstruction.

Transforming growth factor-β released by apoptotic white blood cells during red blood cell storage promotes transfusion-induced alloimmunomodulation.

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization is a major immunologic risk of transfusion. However, RBC storage facilitates white blood cell (WBC) apoptosis and apoptotic cells have immunomodulatory properties. We investigated the behavior of WBCs, and apoptosis in particular, in RBC units during storage and then studied the impact of WBC apoptosis on the modulation of posttransfusion alloimmunization in RBC products stored short term.