Neuro-Nutraceutical Polyphenols: How Far Are We?

The brain, composed of billions of neurons, is a complex network of interacting dynamical systems controlling all body functions. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and their impairment of their functions could result in neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence shows an increase of brain-affecting disorders, still today characterized by poor therapeutic options.

Biochemical Traits, H NMR Profile and Residual DNA Content of 'Asprinio', White Wine from Campania Region (Southern Italy).

'Asprinio' is a white dry wine characteristic for its acidity and aromatic flavour, known as emerging DOP wine in Southern Italy. Nevertheless, little information is available on the metabolomic profile of this wine. Thus, in this paper we evaluated the colourimetric parameters, H NMR profiles and free amino acids content of 'Asprinio' wines, bottled by two different wineries (hereafter 'Asprinio_A' and 'Asprinio_B') collected in 2019 and 2020, using 'Greco di Tufo' for comparison.

Based Extracts Counteract Salinity Stress in Tomato by Remodeling Leaf Nitrogen Metabolism.

Biostimulants have rapidly and widely been adopted as growth enhancers and stress protectants in agriculture, however, due to the complex nature of these products, their mechanism of action is not clearly understood. By using two algal based commercial biostimulants in combination with the cv. MicroTom model system, we assessed how the modulation of nitrogen metabolites and potassium levels could contribute to mediate physiological mechanisms that are known to occur in response to salt/and or osmotic stress.

Salinity Duration Differently Modulates Physiological Parameters and Metabolites Profile in Roots of Two Contrasting Barley Genotypes.

With. is a wild salt tolerant cereal present in the saline depressions of the Eastern Tunisia, where it significantly contributes to the annual biomass production. In a previous study on shoot tissues it was shown that this species withstands with high salinity at the seedling stage restricting the sodium entry into shoot and modulating over time the leaf synthesis of organic osmolytes for osmotic adjustment.

Enhancing Sustainability by Improving Plant Salt Tolerance through Macro- and Micro-Algal Biostimulants.

Algal biomass, extracts, or derivatives have long been considered a valuable material to bring benefits to humans and cultivated plants. In the last decades, it became evident that algal formulations can induce multiple effects on crops (including an increase in biomass, yield, and quality), and that algal extracts contain a series of bioactive compounds and signaling molecules, in addition to mineral and organic nutrients. The need to reduce the non-renewable chemical input in agriculture has recently prompted an increase in the use of algal extracts as a plant biostimulant, also because of their ability to promote plant growth in suboptimal conditions such as saline environments is beneficial.

Spatial and Temporal Profile of Glycine Betaine Accumulation in Plants Under Abiotic Stresses.

Several halophytes and a few crop plants, including Poaceae, synthesize and accumulate glycine betaine (GB) in response to environmental constraints. GB plays an important role in osmoregulation, in fact, it is one of the main nitrogen-containing compatible osmolytes found in Poaceae. It can interplay with molecules and structures, preserving the activity of macromolecules, maintaining the integrity of membranes against stresses and scavenging ROS.

Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum maritimum respond to extended salinity stress displaying different temporal accumulation pattern of metabolites.

Hordeum maritimum With. (= H. marinum Huds.

Dataset on antioxidant metabolites and enzymes activities of freshly harvested sweet cherries ( L.) of Campania accessions.

In this article, we reported the original data obtained by the study of metabolites and enzymes involved in sweet cherry antioxidant system. We measured hydrogen peroxide (HO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which are indicator of oxidative stress. Moreover, we measured the concentration of reduced and oxidized ascorbate and glutathione that are involved in ROS detoxification together with phenolics, anthocyanins and tocopherols.

Metabolic characterization and antioxidant activity in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) Campania accessions: Metabolic characterization of sweet cherry accessions.

The failure of the antioxidant scavenging system in advanced ripening stages, causing oxidative stress, is one of the most important factor of fruit decay. Production of rich antioxidant fruit could represent a way to delay fruit senescence and preserve its characteristics. We investigated the antioxidant metabolites (ascorbate, glutathione, tocopherols, and polyphenols) and enzymes (ascorbic peroxidases, peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases) involved in the antioxidant response in forty-three accessions of sweet cherry fruits from Campania region.

Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose.

Plants are currently experiencing increasing salinity problems due to irrigation with brackish water. Moreover, in fields, roots can grow in soils which show spatial variation in water content and salt concentration, also because of the type of irrigation. Salinity impairs crop growth and productivity by inhibiting many physiological and metabolic processes, in particular nitrate uptake, translocation, and assimilation.

Durum wheat seedling responses to simultaneous high light and salinity involve a fine reconfiguration of amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism.

Durum wheat plants are extremely sensitive to drought and salinity during seedling and early development stages. Their responses to stresses have been extensively studied to provide new metabolic targets and improving the tolerance to adverse environments. Most of these studies have been performed in growth chambers under low light [300-350 µmol m s photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), LL].

Analysis of different European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars: authentication, phenotypic features, and phenolic profiles.

Hazelnuts exhibit functional properties due to their content in fatty acids and phenolic compounds that could positively affect human health. The food industry requires precise traits for morphological, chemical, and physical kernel features so that some cultivars could be more suitable for specific industrial processing. In this study, agronomical and morphological features of 29 hazelnut cultivars were evaluated and a detailed structural characterization of kernel polyphenols was performed, confirming the presence of protocatechuic acid, flavan-3-ols such as catechin, procyanidin B2, six procyanidin oligomers, flavonols, and one dihydrochalcone in all the analyzed cultivars.

Ty1-copia group retrotransposons and the evolution of retroelements in several angiosperm plants: evidence of horizontal transmission.

The phylogenetic relationships among thirty-seven new Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in seven angiosperm plants were examined by reverse transcriptase and ribonuclease H sequence analysis. Distribution pattern of the retrotransposons of closely related plant species generally reflects a close phylogenetic relationship. In contrast, we found that several retrotransposon sequences from the same genome exhibited a high degree of divergence and had a relatively high degree of identity versus retrotransposon sequences from widely divergent species, including an ancestral phytopathogen fungus.

Isolation of Ty1-copia retrotransposon in myrtle genome and development of S-SAP molecular marker.

Long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that are ubiquitous in plants and constitute a major portion of their nuclear genomes. LTR- retrotransposons possess unique properties that make them appropriate for investigating relationships between populations, varieties and closely related species. Myrtus communis L.

Ttd1a promoter is involved in DNA-protein binding by salt and light stresses.

Stress modulation of retrotransposons may play a role in generating host genetic plasticity in response to environmental stress. Transposable elements have been suggested to contribute to the evolution of genes, by providing cis-regulatory elements leading to changes in expression patterns. Indeed, their promoter elements are similar to those of plant defence genes and may bind similar defence-induced transcription factors.

A PCR based SNPs marker for specific characterization of English walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars.

English walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the most economically important species from all the 21 species belonging to the genus Juglans and is an important and healthy food as well as base material for timber industry. The aim of this study was to develop a simple technique for specific characterization of English walnut using DNA method.

Molecular analysis of a novel tandemly organized repetitive DNA sequence in Citrus limon (L.) Burm.

Repetitive sequences constitute a significant component of most eukaryotic genomes, and the isolation and characterization of repetitive DNA sequences provide an insight into the organization of the genome of interest. Here, we report the isolation and molecular analysis of a novel tandemly organized repetitive DNA sequence from the genome of Citrus limon. Digestion of C.

Characterization of a novel satellite DNA sequence from Flying Dragon (Poncirus trifoliata).

Repetitive sequences constitute a significant component of most eukaryotic genomes, and the isolation and characterization of repetitive DNA sequences provide an insight into the organization of the genome of interest. Here, we report the isolation and the molecular analysis and methylation status of a novel tandemly organized repetitive DNA sequence from the genome of Poncirus trifoliata. Digestion of P.

Identification of a cDNA clone encoding DIP1-binding protein in Drosophila melanogaster.

The Drosophila melanogaster L27a gene encodes a ribosomal protein which is a member of the L15 family of ribosomal proteins. D.m.

A novel repetitive DNA sequence in lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.] and related species Bruna.

Repetitive DNA sequences constitute a significant component of most eukaryotic genomes, and the isolation and characterization of such sequences provide an insight into the organization of the genome of interest. Here, we report the isolation and molecular characterization of a novel repetitive DNA sequence from the genome of Citrus limon. Digestion of C.