Exploring Undergraduate Biochemistry Students' Gesture Production Through an Embodied Framework.

Interpreting three-dimensional models of biological macromolecules is a key skill in biochemistry, closely tied to students' visuospatial abilities. As students interact with these models and explain biochemical concepts, they often use gesture to complement verbal descriptions. Here, we utilize an embodied cognition-based approach to characterize undergraduate students' gesture production as they described and interpreted an augmented reality (AR) model of potassium channel structure and function.

Providing evidence for content validity of the most frequently used hip specific recovery outcome measures in hip fracture studies: an International Classification of Functioning approach.

Purpose: We established the most commonly used clinician and patient-reported hip fracture outcome measures as of 2022, assessed their content validity using an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, and operationalized these results to contribute to an updated hip fracture core set.

Materials And Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify articles utilizing outcome measures related to hip fracture. A total of five outcome measures were identified, linked to the ICF, and assessed for content validity via bandwidth percent, content density, and content diversity.