Hydroxylated fullerenes inhibit neutrophil function in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820).

Hydroxylated fullerenes act as potent inhibitors of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, and are reported to be very strong antioxidants quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Effects of nanosized hydroxylated fullerenes on fish neutrophil function and immune gene transcription was investigated using fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Neutrophil function assays were used to determine the effects of fullerene exposure in vitro and in vivo on oxidative burst, degranulation and extracellular trap (NETs) release, and the innate immune gene transcription was determined with quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Effects of nanosized titanium dioxide on innate immune system of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820).

Effects of nanosized (<100 nm) titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles on fish neutrophils and immune gene expression was investigated using the fathead minnow (Pimpehales promelas). Expanded use of TiO(2) in the cosmetic industry has increased the potential exposure risk to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Effects of nano-TiO(2) on neutrophil function of the fathead minnow was investigated using oxidative burst, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release and degranulation of primary granules.