Differential Effects of the Type of Physical Exercise on Blood Pressure in Independent Older Adults.

Background: Exercise and its effect on cardiovascular diseases have been extensively studied in the elderly population. The difference in blood pressure (BP) between fit and unfit subjects can be >5 mmHg. It is not well established whether the positive effects of exercising on BP are associated with exercise type, be it aerobic or anaerobic (maximal muscle strength).

Whole body vibration therapy and diabetes type 2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Vibration platforms have demonstrated systemic effects generated by the use of mechanical vibrations, which are similar to those of any physical activity. The effect that whole body vibration (WBV) generates on the organism could be recommended in Diabetes Mellitus 2 (DM 2) patients.

Objective: To systematically review and meta-analyze the available evidence on the effects of WBV on glycemic control in patients with DM 2.

Mucosa-like differentiation of head and neck cancer cells is inducible and drives the epigenetic loss of cell malignancy.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly malignant disease with high death rates that have remained substantially unaltered for decades. Therefore, new treatment approaches are urgently needed. Human papillomavirus-negative tumors harbor areas of terminally differentiated tissue that are characterized by cornification.

Human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells lose viability during triggered myocyte lineage differentiation.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly malignant disease, and death rates have remained at approximately 50% for decades. New tumor-targeting strategies are desperately needed, and a previous report indicated the triggered differentiation of HPV-negative HNSCC cells to confer therapeutic benefits. Using patient-derived tumor cells, we created a similar HNSCC differentiation model of HPV+ tumor cells from two patients.

Uncovering a novel mechanism: Butyrate induces estrogen receptor alpha activation independent of estrogen stimulation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Butyrate is a promising candidate for an antitumoral drug, as it promotes cancer cell apoptosis and reduces hormone receptor activity, while promoting differentiation and proliferation in normal cells. However, the effects of low-dose butyrate on breast cancer cell cultures are unclear. We explored the impact of sub-therapeutic doses of butyrate on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) transcriptional activity in MCF-7 cells, using RT-qPCR, Western blot, wound-healing assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation.

Susceptibility to acute cognitive dysfunction in aged mice is underpinned by reduced white matter integrity and microgliosis.

Age is a significant but heterogeneous risk factor for acute neuropsychiatric disturbances such as delirium. Neuroinflammation increases with aging but the determinants of underlying risk for acute dysfunction upon systemic inflammation are not clear. We hypothesised that, with advancing age, mice would become progressively more vulnerable to acute cognitive dysfunction and that neuroinflammation and neuronal integrity might predict heterogeneity in such vulnerability.

Degree of association between the body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR), body adiposity index (BAI) and conicity index (CI) in physically active older adults.

Background: Aging is the main factor in the eventual development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) the prevalence of which is increasing progressively along with life expectancy. Therefore, it is essential to identify the most effective indicators for predicting the possible development of CVD. Anthropometric indices provide useful information for CVD risk evaluation.

Hyperthermia elevates brain temperature and improves behavioural signs in animal models of autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are predominantly neurodevelopmental and largely genetically determined. However, there are human data supporting the idea that fever can improve symptoms in some individuals, but those data are limited and there are almost no data to support this from animal models. We aimed to test the hypothesis that elevated body temperature would improve function in two animal models of ASD.

N-terminal region is responsible for mHv1 channel activity in MDSCs.

Voltage-gated proton channels (Hv1) are important regulators of the immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in mice and have been proposed as a potential therapeutic target to alleviate dysregulated immunosuppression in tumors. However, till date, there is a lack of evidence regarding the functioning of the Hvcn1 and reports on mHv1 isoform diversity in mice and MDSCs. A computational prediction has suggested that the Hvcn1 gene may express up to six transcript variants, three of which are translated into distinct N-terminal isoforms of mHv1: mHv1.

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention Using Vibration Platforms for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study.

Diabetes generates a great impact on society, as well as a concern for health professionals due to its high and increasing prevalence; there are several studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of vibration platforms and their benefits at a physiological level. The aim of this study will be to analyze the decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin and glycemia levels after the use of whole-body vibration platforms and the possible inclusion of this therapeutic option within the usual treatments. This is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial with parallel group design in a 1:1 ratio.

The Relationship between Clock Genes, Sirtuin 1, and Mitochondrial Activity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer: Effects of Melatonin Treatment.

The circadian clock is a regulatory system, with a periodicity of approximately 24 h, which generates rhythmic changes in many physiological processes, including mitochondrial activity. Increasing evidence links chronodisruption with aberrant functionality in clock gene expression, resulting in multiple diseases such as cancer. Melatonin, whose production and secretion oscillates according to the light-dark cycle, is the principal regulator of clock gene expression.

Redox Regulation of Microglial Inflammatory Response: Fine Control of NLRP3 Inflammasome through Nrf2 and NOX4.

The role of inflammation and immunity in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases has become increasingly relevant within the past few years. In this context, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in the activation of inflammatory responses by promoting the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. We hypothesized that the interplay between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) may play a critical role in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent inflammatory responses.

Patient-derived tumor models in cancer research: Evaluation of the oncostatic effects of melatonin.

The development of new anticancer therapies tends to be very slow. Although their impact on potential candidates is confirmed in preclinical studies, ∼95 % of these new therapies are not approved when tested in clinical trials. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of accurate preclinical models.

iMS-Bmal1 mice show evident signs of sarcopenia that are counteracted by exercise and melatonin therapies.

Sarcopenia is an age-related disease characterized by a reduction in muscle mass, strength, and function and, therefore, a deterioration in skeletal muscle health and frailty. Although the cause of sarcopenia is still unknown and, thus, there is no treatment, increasing evidence suggests that chronodisruption, particularly alterations in Bmal1 clock gene, can lead to those deficits culminating in sarcopenia. To gain insight into the cause and mechanism of sarcopenia and the protective effect of a therapeutic intervention with exercise and/or melatonin, the gastrocnemius muscles of male and female skeletal muscle-specific and inducible Bmal1 knockout mice (iMS-Bmal1 ) were examined by phenotypic tests and light and electron microscopy.

Musculoskeletal Injuries and Risk Factors in Spanish CrossFit Practitioners.

CrossFit Training is a physical and sports-conditioning system based on constantly varied functional movements performed at high intensity. CrossFit has been shown to significantly improve general physical performance and body composition. Although there seems to be an association between the practice of CrossFit and musculoskeletal injuries, the relationship between CrossFit and injury risks has been poorly studied.

Immediate Effects of Whole-Body versus Local Dynamic Electrostimulation of the Abdominal Muscles in Healthy People Assessed by Ultrasound: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Dynamic electrostimulation consists of the application of local or global electrostimulation together with physical exercise. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of a dynamic electrostimulation session on the thickness of the abdominal musculature, inter-rectus distance, heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, and to identify possible differences in its form of application. A total of 120 healthy participants were divided into three groups: the whole-body electrostimulation group, the local electrostimulation group, and the control group without electrical stimulation.

Role of Melatonin in Cancer: Effect on Clock Genes.

The circadian clock is a regulatory system, with a periodicity of approximately 24 h, that generates rhythmic changes in many physiological processes. Increasing evidence links chronodisruption with aberrant functionality in clock gene expression, resulting in multiple diseases, including cancer. In this context, tumor cells have an altered circadian machinery compared to normal cells, which deregulates the cell cycle, repair mechanisms, energy metabolism and other processes.

Perineal Massage during Pregnancy for the Prevention of Postpartum Urinary Incontinence: Controlled Clinical Trial.

: Urinary incontinence is any involuntary loss of urine. It may result in anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and social isolation. Perineal massage has spread as a prophylactic technique for treating complications during labor.

Understanding the Mechanism of Action of Melatonin, Which Induces ROS Production in Cancer Cells.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a group of highly reactive molecules that have evolved as regulators of important signaling pathways. In this context, tumor cells have an altered redox balance compared to normal cells, which can be targeted as an antitumoral therapy by ROS levels and by decreasing the capacity of the antioxidant system, leading to programmed cell death. Melatonin is of particular importance in the development of innovative cancer treatments due to its oncostatic impact and lack of adverse effects.

Melatonin drives apoptosis in head and neck cancer by increasing mitochondrial ROS generated via reverse electron transport.

The oncostatic effects of melatonin correlate with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, but how melatonin induces this ROS generation is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the two seemingly opposing actions of melatonin regarding its relationship with free radicals. We analyzed the effects of melatonin on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (Cal-27 and SCC-9), which were treated with 0.

Unique expression of the atypical mitochondrial subunit NDUFA4L2 in cerebral pericytes fine tunes HIF activity in response to hypoxia.

A central response to insufficient cerebral oxygen delivery is a profound reprograming of metabolism, which is mainly regulated by the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF). Among other responses, HIF induces the expression of the atypical mitochondrial subunit NDUFA4L2. Surprisingly, NDUFA4L2 is constitutively expressed in the brain in non-hypoxic conditions.

Activation of NLRP3 Is Required for a Functional and Beneficial Microglia Response after Brain Trauma.

Despite the numerous research studies on traumatic brain injury (TBI), many physiopathologic mechanisms remain unknown. TBI is a complex process, in which neuroinflammation and glial cells play an important role in exerting a functional immune and damage-repair response. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is one of the first steps to initiate neuroinflammation and so its regulation is essential.