Modulatory L-Alliin Effect on Acute Inflammatory Cytokines in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice.

The inflammatory response has evolved as a protective mechanism against pathogens and tissue damage. However, chronic inflammation can occur, potentially leading to severe disease. Low-grade chronic inflammation is associated with obesity, and the Th1 cytokine profile plays an important role in this proinflammatory environment.

Correction: Viveros-Paredes et al. Neuroprotective Effects of β-Caryophyllene against Dopaminergic Neuron Injury in a Murine Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by MPTP. 2017, , 60.

In the original publication [...

Association of polymorphisms in the TNFA, TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B genes with lepromatous leprosy in Western Mexican patients.

Introduction: Studies in different populations have shown that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and TNF receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2) may be involved in the pathogenesis of lepromatous leprosy (LL). To further explore the results in a Mexican population, we compared the frequencies of the polymorphisms in - 308 G>A TNFA (rs1800629), - 383 A>C TNFRS1A (rs2234649), and + 196 T >G TNFSR1B (rs1061622) genes in LL patients (n = 133) and healthy subjects (n = 198).

Methodology: The genotyping was performed with the polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique.

A Two-Faced Gut Microbiome: Butyrogenic and Proinflammatory Bacteria Predominate in the Intestinal Milieu of People Living with HIV from Western Mexico.

HIV infection results in marked alterations in the gut microbiota (GM), such as the loss of microbial diversity and different taxonomic and metabolic profiles. Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) partially ablating gastrointestinal alterations, the taxonomic profile after successful new ART has shown wide variations. Our objective was to determine the GM composition and functions in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) under ART in comparison to seronegative controls (SC).

Effects of Foods of Mesoamerican Origin in Adipose Tissue and Liver-Related Metabolism.

Adipose tissue and liver metabolism play a key role in maintaining body homeostasis; therefore, their impairment conduces a pathological state. Nowadays, occidental lifestyle is a common etiological issue among a variety of chronic diseases, while diet is a unique strategy to prevent obesity and liver metabolism impairment and is a powerful player in the treatment of metabolic-related diseases. Mesoamerican foods are rich in bioactive molecules that enhance and improve adipose tissue and liver performance and represent a prophylactic and therapeutic alternative for disorders related to the loss of homeostasis in the metabolism of these two important tissues.

Breastfeeding-Related Health Benefits in Children and Mothers: Vital Organs Perspective.

Breast milk (BM) is a constantly changing fluid that represents the primary source of nutrition for newborns. It is widely recognized that breastfeeding provides benefits for both the child and the mother, including a lower risk of ovarian and breast cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, decreased blood pressure, and more. In infants, breastfeeding has been correlated with a lower risk of infectious diseases, obesity, lower blood pressure, and decreased incidence of respiratory infections, diabetes, and asthma.

Evaluation of a polymeric topical formulation of Endoxifen in an estrogen receptor positive breast cancer murine model.

Breast cancer (BC) has surpassed lung cancer as the most diagnosed cancer and, in terms of mortality, is the fifth leading cause with 684,996 new deaths (6.7% of all cancer-related deaths) and the highest mortality amongst all cancers (15.5%) in women.

β-Caryophyllene: A Therapeutic Alternative for Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction Caused by Obesity.

Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat that exacerbates the metabolic and inflammatory processes. Studies associate these processes with conditions and dysregulation in the intestinal tract, increased concentrations of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the blood, differences in the abundance of intestinal microbiota, and the production of secondary metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural sesquiterpene with anti-inflammatory properties and with the potential purpose of fighting metabolic diseases.

-Caryophyllene, a Dietary Cannabinoid, Protects Against Metabolic and Immune Dysregulation in a Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model.

Obesity is an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat in the body that exacerbates metabolic and inflammatory processes, and impairs the health of afflicted individuals. β-caryophyllene is a natural sesquiterpene that is a dietary cannabinoid with anti-inflammatory properties and potential activity against metabolic diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of β-caryophyllene on C57BL/6 mice using a diet-induced obesity model.

/, SCFAs, and Metabolic Pathways-The Triad That Orchestrates Intestinal Dysbiosis in Patients with Decompensated Alcoholic Cirrhosis from Western Mexico.

Gut microbiota undergoes profound alterations in alcohol cirrhosis. Microbiota-derived products, e.g.

In Vivo Healthy Benefits of Galacto-Oligosaccharides from (LA-GOS) in Butyrate Production through Intestinal Microbiota.

Animal digestive systems host microorganism ecosystems, including integrated bacteria, viruses, fungi, and others, that produce a variety of compounds from different substrates with healthy properties. Among these substrates, α-galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are considered prebiotics that promote the grow of gut microbiota with a metabolic output of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). In this regard, we evaluated GOS (LA-GOS) as a natural prebiotic using different animal models.

Alliin, an Nutraceutical, ReducesMetaflammation Markers in DIO Mice.

Obesity generates a chronic low-grade inflammatory state which promotes oxidativestress and triggers comorbidities. Alliin is the main organosulfur compound in garlic and has beenshown to induce a decrease in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines; its systemic effect onmetabolic parameters and adipose tissue is not yet known, however. After nine weeks of HFD andwith obesity established in C57BL/6 mice, we observed that a daily treatment with alliin for 3.

-Caryophyllene, a Natural Sesquiterpene, Attenuates Neuropathic Pain and Depressive-Like Behavior in Experimental Diabetic Mice.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is associated with chronic hyperglycemia and emotional disorders such as depression in diabetic patients, complicating the course of treatment. Drugs currently used to treat NP have undesirable side effects, so research on other natural sources has been required. -caryophyllene (BCP), a natural sesquiterpene found in some food condiments and considered an agonist to cannabinoid receptor type 2, could have potential therapeutic effects to treat conditions such as NP and emotional disorders.

The Human Microbiota and Obesity: A Literature Systematic Review of In Vivo Models and Technical Approaches.

Obesity is a noncommunicable disease that affects a considerable part of humanity. Recently, it has been recognized that gut microbiota constitutes a fundamental factor in the triggering and development of a large number of pathologies, among which obesity is one of the most related to the processes of dysbiosis. In this review, different animal model approaches, methodologies, and genome scale metabolic databases were revisited to study the gut microbiota and its relationship with metabolic disease.

Phytochemicals That Influence Gut Microbiota as Prophylactics and for the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Diseases.

Gut microbiota (GM) plays several crucial roles in host physiology and influences several relevant functions. In more than one respect, it can be said that you "feed your microbiota and are fed by it." GM diversity is affected by diet and influences metabolic and immune functions of the host's physiology.

Adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis in different molecular portraits of breast cancer treated with silver nanoparticles and its pathway-network analysis.

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted considerable attention due to the variety of their applications in medicine and other sciences. AgNPs have been used in vitro for treatment of various diseases, such as hepatitis B and herpes simplex infections as well as colon, cervical, and lung cancers. In this study, we assessed the effect on proliferation, adhesion, and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines of different molecular profiles (MCF7, HCC1954, and HCC70) exposed to AgNPs (2-9 nm).

Contribution of polymorphisms in the LEP, LEPR and RETN genes on serum leptin and resistin levels in young adults from Mexico.

Polymorphisms in the LEP (G-2548A and A19G), LEPR (A326G, A668G and G3057A) and RETN (C-420G and G+62A) genes were documented according to their association with alterations in biochemical parameters such as glucose, insulin and lipid profiles, along with serum leptin and resistin concentrations. The aim of the study was to establish any contribution of the G-2548A and A19G polymorphisms of the LEP gene, the A326G, A668G and G3057A polymorphisms of the LEPR gene, and the C-420G and G+62A polymorphisms of the RETN gene to serum leptin and resistin levels in Mexican young adults. Clinical and biochemical variables, serum leptin and resistin levels, and genotype profiles were analysed in 66 Mexican young adults.

Neuroprotective Effects of β-Caryophyllene against Dopaminergic Neuron Injury in a Murine Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by MPTP.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Although the causes of PD are not understood, evidence suggests that its pathogenesis is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent studies have suggested a protective role of the cannabinoid signalling system in PD.

Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Possible Roles of Adipokines.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the Central Nervous System that has been associated with several environmental factors, such as diet and obesity. The possible link between MS and obesity has become more interesting in recent years since the discovery of the remarkable properties of adipose tissue. Once MS is initiated, obesity can contribute to increased disease severity by negatively influencing disease progress and treatment response, but, also, obesity in early life is highly relevant as a susceptibility factor and causally related risk for late MS development.

Immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic compounds.

The benefits of garlic to health have been proclaimed for centuries; however, only recently have Allium sativum and its derivatives been proposed as promising candidates for maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system. The complex biochemistry of garlic makes it possible for variations in processing to yield different preparations with differences in final composition and compound proportion. In this review, we assess the most recent experimental results, which indicate that garlic appears to enhance the functioning of the immune system by stimulating certain cell types, such as macrophages, lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and eosinophils, by mechanisms including modulation of cytokine secretion, immunoglobulin production, phagocytosis, and macrophage activation.

Alliin, a garlic (Allium sativum) compound, prevents LPS-induced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used to alleviate a variety of health problems due to its high content of organosulfur compounds and antioxidant activity. The main active component is alliin (S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide), a potent antioxidant with cardioprotective and neuroprotective actions.

Modulation of PPAR-γ by Nutraceutics as Complementary Treatment for Obesity-Related Disorders and Inflammatory Diseases.

A direct correlation between adequate nutrition and health is a universally accepted truth. The Western lifestyle, with a high intake of simple sugars, saturated fat, and physical inactivity, promotes pathologic conditions. The main adverse consequences range from cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome to several cancers.

Abnormalities in intracellular processing and expression of interferon-gamma receptor in adherent cells from lepromatous leprosy patients.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells in lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients produce low levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-12 (IL-12), and these cells exhibit partial or complete deficiency in the IL-12 receptor. The behavior of the IFN-gamma receptor (IFN-gamma R) has not been described in cells from people with leprosy. We found higher levels of mRNA for IFN-gamma R1 and IFN-gamma R2 in adherent cells stimulated with IFN-gamma and Mycobacterium leprae membrane proteins from LL patients compared with healthy subjects.

Recovery of IFN-gamma levels in PBMCs from lepromatous leprosy patients through the synergistic actions of the cytokines IL-12 and IL-18.

The shift to the production of a Th1 cytokine profile during an intracellular infection has been shown to depend on antigen presenting cells-derived IL-12 and T-cell-derived IFN-gamma production. IL-18 facilitates Th1 priming in synergy with IL-12 through the stimulation of IFN-gamma production by T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages and DCs. A low level of IFN-gamma production in PBMC cultures from lepromatous leprosy patients (LL) has been previously reported by several groups.