Does cognitive inhibition contribute to working memory and reasoning during childhood?

Theoretical frameworks suggest that cognitive inhibition suppresses irrelevant information in working memory, preventing overload and promoting the processing of task-relevant information. Consequently, it may also contribute to more complex skills, such as abstract reasoning, by facilitating the retention and processing of patterns and relationships. However, empirical evidence does not consistently show these relationships in early elementary school years.

Synergistic photocatalysis of a hydrochar/CeO composite for dye degradation under visible light.

The synthesis and characterization of a hydrochar/CeO composite along with its evaluation in methylene blue degradation under visible light are presented. The methodology consisted of a single-pass hydrothermal method, having as synthesis conditions 9 h of reaction time, 210 °C, autogenous pressure, and a biomass/CeO ratio of 100:1. The composite characterization revealed good dispersion of CeO in the carbonaceous matrix and significant synergy in the composite activation using visible irradiation.

New trends in modelling of breakthrough curves to remove pollutants using adsorption on advanced monoliths geometries.

This work proposes a rigorous mathematical model capable of reproducing the adsorption process in dynamic regime on advanced monoliths geometries. For this, four bed geometries with axisymmetric distribution of channels and similar solid mass were proposed. In each geometry a different distribution of channels was suggested, maintaining constant the bed dimensions of 15 cm high and 5 cm radius.

Hydrothermal synthesis of a photocatalyst based on Byrsonima crassifolia and TiO for degradation of crystal violet by UV and visible radiation.

This work presents a one-step synthesis methodology for preparing a hydrochar (HC) doped with TiO (HC-TiO) for its application on the degradation of crystal violet (CV) using UV and visible radiation. Byrsonima crassifolia stones were used as precursors along with TiO particles. The HC-TiO sample was synthesized at 210 °C for 9 h using autogenous pressure.

Tunability of Hybrid Silica Xerogels: Surface Chemistry and Porous Texture Based on the Aromatic Precursor.

The interest in new materials with specific properties has increased because they are essential for the environmental and technological needs of our society. Among them, silica hybrid xerogels have emerged as promising candidates due to their simple preparation and tunability: when they are synthesised, depending on the organic precursor and its concentration, their properties can be modulated, and thus, it is possible to prepare materials with à la carte porosity and surface chemistry. This research aims to design two new series of silica hybrid xerogels by co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with triethoxy(-tolyl)silane (MPhTEOS) or 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene (Ph(TEOS) and to determine their chemical and textural properties based on a variety of characterisation techniques (FT-IR, Si NMR, X-ray diffraction and N, CO and water vapour adsorption, among others).

Right ventricle speckle tracking in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: one-year follow-up.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is still a major concern in preterm infants and adequate screening methods for secondary right ventricle (RV) failure are needed. Early detection could be aided by taking measurements of RV deformation using speckle tracking echocardiography. A prospective longitudinal study was carried out over 28 months at a tertiary care pediatric cardiology center.

Evaluation of a digital health system (PAHcare™) for routine care of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: The CBS-PAH study protocol.

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, multifactorial, chronic condition that requires ongoing monitoring and assessment. PAHcare™ is a novel, patient-centered digital platform that provides software intended for use on patients' mobile phones (downloadable application) and web-based dashboards for use by physicians and health coaches (HC). We describe herein the protocol of a clinical study aimed at evaluating the clinical benefit and safety of PAHcare™ for the routine management of patients with PAH.

An efficient removal approach for degradation of metformin from aqueous solutions with sulfate radicals.

Metformin consumption for diabetes treatment is increasing, leading to its presence in wastewater treatment plants where conventional methods cannot remove it. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the performance of advanced oxidation processes using sulfate radicals in the degradation of metformin from water. Experiments were performed in a photoreactor provided with a low-pressure Hg lamp, using KSO as oxidant and varying the initial metformin concentration (C), oxidant concentration (C), temperature (T), and pH in a response surface experimental design.

Novel Silica Hybrid Xerogels Prepared by Co-Condensation of TEOS and ClPhTEOS: A Chemical and Morphological Study.

The search for new materials with improved properties for advanced applications is, nowadays, one of the most relevant and booming fields for scientists due to the environmental and technological needs of our society. Within this demand, hybrid siliceous materials, made out of organic and inorganic species (ORMOSILs), have emerged as an alternative with endless chemical and textural possibilities by incorporating in their structure the properties of inorganic compounds (i.e.

A Systematic Review on the Impact of the Social Confinement on People with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Unlabelled: The COVID-19 pandemic had imposed a variety of containment measures on the general population for prolonged periods. Confinement has had, and still has, social, economic, educational, health, and psychological consequences on the entire population.

Objective: In this article, a systematic search has been performed based on studies carried out since the beginning of the pandemic, regarding the impact of these containment measures on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population and their caregivers.

Electrocatalytic activity of calcined manganese ferrite solid nanospheres in the oxygen reduction reaction.

In this study, we synthesized MnFeO solid nanospheres (MSN) calcined at different temperatures (200-500 °C) and MSN-based materials mixed with carbon black, for their use as electrocatalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium (0.1 M KOH). It was demonstrated that the calcination temperature of MSN material determined its chemical surface composition and microstructure and it had an important effect on the electrocatalytic properties for ORR, which in turn was reflected in the performance of MSN/CB-based electrocatalysts.

Effect of operational parameters on photocatalytic degradation of ethylparaben using rGO/TiO composite under UV radiation.

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of different operational variables (catalyst loading, initial EtP concentration, medium pH, the presence of anions and radical scavengers) on the performance of ethylparaben (EtP) photodegradation catalyzed with an rGO/TiO composite. EtP was selected for study after analyzing the effect of paraben chain length on its catalytic photodegradation, finding that the photodegradation rate constant values of methyl-, ethyl-, and butyl-paraben are 0.050, 0.

Hybrid Xerogels: Study of the Sol-Gel Process and Local Structure by Vibrational Spectroscopy.

The properties of hybrid silica xerogels obtained by the sol-gel method are highly dependent on the precursor and the synthesis conditions. This study examines the influence of organic substituents of the precursor on the sol-gel process and determines the structure of the final materials in xerogels containing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and alkyltriethoxysilane or chloroalkyltriethoxysilane at different molar percentages (RTEOS and ClRTEOS, R = methyl [M], ethyl [E], or propyl [P]). The intermolecular forces exerted by the organic moiety and the chlorine atom of the precursors were elucidated by comparing the sol-gel process between alkyl and chloroalkyl series.

Novel Organochlorinated Xerogels: From Microporous Materials to Ordered Domains.

Hybrid silica xerogels combine the properties of organic and inorganic components in the same material, making them highly promising and versatile candidates for multiple applications. They can be tailored for specific purposes through chemical modifications, and the consequent changes in their structures warrant in-depth investigation. We describe the synthesis of three new series of organochlorinated xerogels prepared by co-condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and chloroalkyltriethoxysilane (ClRTEOS; R = methyl [M], ethyl [E], or propyl [P]) at different molar ratios.

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Self Compassion (SC) Training for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Trial in Community Services in Spain.

Unlabelled: This study aims to develop a clinical trial to test the efficacy of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and self-compassion (SC) program on self-reported values of anxiety, depression, and stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in primary school, in order to assess their integration into the framework of community intervention programs in Spain.

Methods: A brief 8-week training program using mindfulness-based intervention (MBSR) and self-compassion (SC) has been applied to twelve Valencian ASD parents, ten of whom completed the program. Participants were assigned to two groups; both groups received the same treatment but at two different measurement moments.

Physicochemical characteristics of calcined MnFeO solid nanospheres and their catalytic activity to oxidize para-nitrophenol with peroxymonosulfate and n-C asphaltenes with air.

Manganese ferrite solid nanospheres (MSNs) were prepared by a solvothermal method and calcined at various temperatures up to 500 °C. Their surface area, morphology, particle size, weight change during calcination, surface coordination number of metal ions, oxidation state, crystal structure, crystallite size, and magnetic properties were studied. The MSNs were used as catalysts to activate potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the oxidative degradation of para-nitrophenol (PNP) from water and for the oxidation of n-C asphaltenes in flowing air at atmospheric (0.

Oxidation of sulfonamides by ferrate(VI): Reaction kinetics, transformation byproducts and toxicity assesment.

This study was aimed at the degradation of sulfonamides (SNs) via oxidation with Fe(VI). The reaction kinetics, identification of degradation byproducts and their toxicity were investigated. The pH solution and Fe(VI) loading had significant effects on the degradation of the sulfonamides.

Degradation of the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide by UV/Solar radiation assisted oxidation processes.

The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with Solar and UV radiation (UV/HO, UV/KSO) for the degradation of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), a widely used diuretic drug, in aqueous solution focusing on the influence of four experimental parameters: initial concentration of HCTZ, solution pH, nature of the water matrix, and initial concentration of radicals. The obtained results showed that using both kinds of direct photolysis (UV and Solar), the percentage of degraded HCTZ was low, but there was a decrease in the degradation rate favored by the increase of the initial concentration of this pollutant. In addition, the degradation rates were higher at acid pHs.

Halide removal from water using silver doped magnetic-microparticles.

This study proposes the use of new materials based on core-shell structure magnetic microparticles with Ag (Ag(0)-MPs) on their surface to remove bromides and chlorides from waters intended for human consumption. Hydrogen peroxide was used as oxidizing agent, Ag(0)-MPs is thereby oxidized to Ag (I)-MPs, which, when in contact with Cl and Br ions, form the corresponding silver halide (AgCl and AgBr) on the surface of Ag-MPs. The concentration of Cl and Br ions was followed by using ion selective electrodes (ISEs).