Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence.

Polyphenols are plant metabolites with potential anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects, which may be advantageous for disorders like colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite promising in vitro and in vivo evidence, human clinical trials have yielded mixed results. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical evidence of polyphenols for CRC prevention or treatment.

Ex Vivo Study of Colon Health, Contractility and Innervation in Male and Female Rats after Regular Exposure to Instant Cascara Beverage.

Instant Cascara (IC) is a sustainable beverage made from dried coffee cherry pulp, a by-product of coffee processing. It is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds and has a high concentration of antioxidants. This study explored the impact of regular IC consumption on colonic motor function and innervation.

Tracing the Scientific Legacy: Bibliometric Analysis of LATAM Research in Bariatric Surgery for 33 Years.

Introduction: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has experienced considerable growth, addressing the challenges of obesity and its complications. The lack of a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in Latin America motivates this study, highlighting the need to understand the evolution of research in this area and its impact on clinical decision-making and health policies.

Methodology: A cross-sectional bibliometric study was carried out using the Scopus database.

Vitamins and fatty acids against chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis.

Chemotherapy has allowed an increase in cancer survivorship, but it causes important adverse effects. Mucositis affecting the gastrointestinal tract is one of the main problems acutely caused by many antineoplastic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil or methotrexate. Mucositis may cause pain, diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, systemic infections and even death.

From the Gut to the Brain: The Role of Enteric Glial Cells and Their Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.

The brain-gut axis has been identified as an important contributor to the physiopathology of Parkinson's disease. In this pathology, inflammation is thought to be driven by the damage caused by aggregation of α-synuclein in the brain. Interestingly, the Braak's theory proposes that α-synuclein misfolding may originate in the gut and spread in a "prion-like" manner through the vagus nerve into the central nervous system.

Evaluation of the Effects of Instant Cascara Beverage on the Brain-Gut Axis of Healthy Male and Female Rats.

Instant cascara (IC) is a sustainable beverage obtained from dried coffee cherry pulp, rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds. The present research aimed to determine the effects of IC on general health and brain-gut axis parameters of healthy female and male rats. Wistar rats were exposed to IC (10 mg/mL) in their drinking water for 3 weeks.

Effects of vincristine and monosodium glutamate on gastrointestinal motility and visceral sensitivity.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced adverse effects are an unresolved nightmare. In preclinical studies in rats, the food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG) improved some of the side effects caused by cisplatin, but its effects in other models of chemotherapy-treated animals are not well known. The aim of this study was to test if MSG may improve some of the adverse effects induced by vincristine in rats.

Effectiveness and safety of non-invasive ventilation in the management of cardiogenic shock.

Introduction And Objectives: Cardiogenic shock (CS) has long been considered a contraindication for the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The main objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness, measured as NIV success, in patients with respiratory failure due to CS. As secondary objective, we studied risk factors for NIV failure and compared the outcome of patients treated with NIV versus invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Probiotics and Probiotic-like Agents against Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Mucositis: A Narrative Review.

Cancer chemotherapy has allowed many patients to survive, but not without risks derived from its adverse effects. Drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, methotrexate, and others, as well as different drug combinations trigger intestinal mucositis that may cause or contribute to anorexia, pain, diarrhea, weight loss, systemic infections, and even death. Dysbiosis is a hallmark of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis and diarrhea, and, therefore, strategies aimed at modulating intestinal microbiota may be useful to counteract and prevent those dreadful effects.

Effect of the Cannabinoid Agonist WIN 55,212-2 on Neuropathic and Visceral Pain Induced by a Non-Diarrheagenic Dose of the Antitumoral Drug 5-Fluorouracil in the Rat.

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug used to treat colorectal cancer, but it causes, among other adverse effects, diarrhea and mucositis, as well as enteric neuropathy, as shown in experimental animals. It might also cause neuropathic pain and alterations in visceral sensitivity, but this has not been studied in either patients or experimental animals. Cannabinoids have antimotility and analgesic effects and may alleviate 5-FU-induced adverse effects.

Radiographic and histopathological study of gastrointestinal dysmotility in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in the rat.

Background: Sepsis is a highly incident condition in which a cascade of proinflammatory cytokines is involved. One of its most frequent consequences is ileus, which can increase mortality. Animal models such as that induced by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are useful to deeply evaluate this condition.

Analysis of combined non-invasive respiratory support in the first six waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcome according to the first respiratory support.

Introduction: COVID-19 can lead to acute respiratory failure (ARF) requiring admission to intensive care unit (ICU). This study analyzes COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, according to the initial respiratory support. Its main aim is to determine if the use of combination therapy: high-flow oxygen system with nasal cannula (HFNC) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV), is effective and safe in the treatment of these patients.

Radiographic assessment of the impact of sex and the circadian rhythm-dependent behaviour on gastrointestinal transit in the rat.

Relatively little is known about the influence of sex and the circadian rhythm on gastrointestinal transit. However, these factors could have an important impact on aspects such as digestion, oral absorption of drugs or the clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal diseases, among others. Remarkably, preclinical models have scarcely taken these factors into consideration.

The Enteric Glia and Its Modulation by the Endocannabinoid System, a New Target for Cannabinoid-Based Nutraceuticals?

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a part of the autonomic nervous system that intrinsically innervates the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Whereas enteric neurons have been deeply studied, the enteric glial cells (EGCs) have received less attention. However, these are immune-competent cells that contribute to the maintenance of the GI tract homeostasis through supporting epithelial integrity, providing neuroprotection, and influencing the GI motor function and sensation.

Effects of Commercial Probiotics on Colonic Sensitivity after Acute Mucosal Irritation.

Gastrointestinal pathologies associated with abdominal pain, such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease, lack sufficiently effective treatments. In our study we have used a rat model of visceral pain (72 animals; = 8-13 per experimental group) to analyze the consequences of intracolonic administration of the irritant acetic acid on visceral sensitivity, histology of the colonic wall, and inflammatory response. Moreover, we have studied the possible beneficial effects of a pretreatment with a commercial probiotic (Actimel).

Nutraceuticals and peripheral glial cells: a possible link?

A nutraceutical is a food-derived molecule that provides medical or health benefits beyond its basic nutritional role, including the prevention and treatment of disease and its symptoms. In the peripheral nervous system, satellite glial cells are found in close relationship with neurons, mainly in peripheral sensory ganglia, but, compared with other glial cells, the relationship between these cells and nutraceuticals has received little attention. After describing satellite glial cells and their role and changes in physiology and pathology, we review the studies on the effects of nutraceuticals as modulators of their functions.

Is hypocapnia a risk factor for non-invasive ventilation failure in cardiogenic acute pulmonary edema?

Introduction And Purpose: The impact of hypocapnia in the prognosis of cardiogenic acute pulmonary edema (CAPE) has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to analyse whether hypocapnia is a risk factor for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) failure and hospital mortality, in CAPE patients CAPE.

Methods: Retrospective observational study of all patients with CAPE treated with NIV.

Spiritual care in critically ill patients during COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Spiritual care has a positive influence when patients are subjected to serious illnesses, and critically ill situations such as the case of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of nurses working at critical care units and emergency services in Spain concerning the spiritual care providing to patients and families during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A qualitative investigation was carried out using in-depth interviews with 19 ICU nursing professionals.

The Isolated Mucosa of the Rat Colon Decellularization, Microscopy and Cell Cultures.

This project presents the most important findings of the studies, which we carried out in our laboratory on the decellularization of the rat isolated colonic mucosa. We have also included some details of the experiences gathered with the muscle layer as well as the whole wall of the colon. The question of the cytocompatibility of this new substrate has been addressed with the application of primary cultures of human cells and well-established cell lines.

A step-by-step guide to creating an academic surgery interest group: Review article.

An academic interest group in medicine is defined as a collective that can be made up of undergraduate students, residents, and/or teachers, who share as an object of interest the advancement and growth of a specific area of medicine. It is organized to carry out extracurricular academic and research activities. It is essential to stimulate participation in these interest groups, which allow the personal and professional growth of their members, being a tool that promotes and provides better opportunities for entry as candidates for graduate studies.

Nutraceuticals and Enteric Glial Cells.

Until recently, glia were considered to be a structural support for neurons, however further investigations showed that glial cells are equally as important as neurons. Among many different types of glia, enteric glial cells (EGCs) found in the gastrointestinal tract, have been significantly underestimated, but proved to play an essential role in neuroprotection, immune system modulation and many other functions. They are also said to be remarkably altered in different physiopathological conditions.