Syndrome of fixed dystonia in adolescents--short term outcome in 4 cases.

We describe the clinical features, investigations and outcome of 4 adolescents aged 13, 16, 17 and 19 years, with fixed dystonia. The diagnosis was made within 6 months of the onset of symptoms. One patient had an identifiable traumatic precipitant.

[Botulinum toxin in infantile cerebral palsy].

Introduction: A number of studies have proved the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin in therapeutic doses.

Aim: To analyse the results obtained over a 12-year period in which botulinum toxin type A (BTA) was used to treat infantile cerebral palsy (CP).

Patients And Methods: Of a total number of 547 patients who were treated, 515 had CP, 464 with spasticity, 46 with mixed CP and 5 with dyskinetic CP with focal dystonia.

[Clinical characteristics and progress of patients with migrainous headaches monitored in the Headache Unit in a paediatric referral hospital].

Aim: To analyse the clinical characteristics and course of migraine patients who were attended in the Headache Unit of a paediatric referral hospital.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of children monitored in the Headache Unit of the Neurology Service who satisfied the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria for migraine, with a follow-up lasting more then six months. The following were excluded from the study: patients who failed to comply with the treatment or clinical monitoring, or whose medical data were incomplete.

[Inborn errors of neurotransmitters in neuropaediatrics].

Aims: The aim of this work is to describe the clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics of neurotransmitter diseases at the paediatric age, together with possible forms of treatment. We also sought to determine the diagnostic methodology of these disorders (collection and analysis of samples).

Development: These diseases essentially consist of a deficit of biogenic amines and alterations in GABA metabolism (gamma-aminobutyric acid).

[Course and treatment of progressive subacute encephalopathy caused by human immunodeficiency virus in children. The value of Botulinum toxin].

Introduction: Progressive subacute encephalopathy due to human immunodeficiency virus (PSE-HIV) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in perinatal HIV infection. Although current combined antiretroviral therapies do manage to check its progression, they often give rise to severe motor sequelae that are similar to the spastic infantile cerebral palsy resulting from other aetiologies. We present the case reports of four preschool age children suffering from this pathology who have benefited from long term treatment with botulinum toxin type A (BTA).

[Botulinum toxin Type A. Indications and results].

Introduction: Since introduction for clinical in the 80s, the botulinum toxin type A is being used with effectiveness in the treatment of different disorders that goes with exaggerated muscular activity. Numerous studies have been demonstrated useful for focal treatment of spasticity.

Patients And Methods: Some indications of the botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of the cerebral palsy are reviewed, emphasizing that it use must be in a global planning.

[Late onset of pseudobulbar paralysis and dystonia in a case of hemispheric cortical dysplasia].

The atypical clinical course of a young male with encephalopathy due to right hemispheric cortical dysplasia (pachygiria) is described. From the first months of life the course of the disease was a static encephalopathy with left hemiparesis, epilepsy and mild mental retardation. When he was 14 years old a subacute pseudobulbar palsy, dystonia and spread of the paresis to the right side occurred.

[Mediterranean boutonneuse fever in children. Study of 139 cases].

A prospective study of 139 children suffering mediterranean spotted fever, all of them hospitalized during the summer time of the last five years is presented. Clinical features were high fever, maculopapulous rash and black eschar ("tàche noire"). Among analytical findings, leucocyte count was decreased in a 38.