Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Severe Obesity and Concordance between Invasive (Biopsy) and Noninvasive (OWLiver®) Diagnoses.

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is an escalating health concern linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Despite liver biopsy being the gold standard, its invasiveness underscores the need for noninvasive diagnostic methods.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess MASLD using the noninvasive OWLiver® serum lipidomics test in a cohort of 117 patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery, comparing outcomes with liver biopsy.

Country-report pattern corrections of new cases allow accurate 2-week predictions of COVID-19 evolution with the Gompertz model.

Accurate short-term predictions of COVID-19 cases with empirical models allow Health Officials to prepare for hospital contingencies in a two-three week window given the delay between case reporting and the admission of patients in a hospital. We investigate the ability of Gompertz-type empiric models to provide accurate prediction up to two and three weeks to give a large window of preparation in case of a surge in virus transmission. We investigate the stability of the prediction and its accuracy using bi-weekly predictions during the last trimester of 2020 and 2021.

Mid-term Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Remission and Predictive Factors: A Prospective Study with a Focus on Non-invasive Diagnosis.

Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now termed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is a growing health concern associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Bariatric surgery offers potential benefits, but its impact on MAFLD remains incompletely understood, with scarce long-term follow-up prospective studies. Moreover, being liver biopsy the gold standard for liver condition measurement, the need for non-invasive techniques that allow the assessment of MAFLD development after bariatric surgery is imperative.

Assessment of obesity stigma and discrimination among Spanish subjects with a wide weight range: the OBESTIGMA study.

Introduction: This study aims to assess the extent of rejection and instances of stigmatization linked to obesity within the Spanish population, encompassing a diverse spectrum of weights ranging from normal weight to morbid obesity. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the primary factors influencing these experiences and further examines the impact of bariatric surgery on such dynamics.

Materials And Methods: Multicenter observational study with involving a total of 1,018 participants who were recruited from various Obesity Units.

Prediabetes Is Associated with Increased Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Type 2 diabetes leads to severe nocturnal hypoxemia, with an increase in apnea events and daytime sleepiness. Hence, we assessed sleep breathing parameters in the prediabetes stage. A cross-sectional study conducted on 966 middle-aged subjects without known pulmonary disease (311 patients with prediabetes and 655 controls with normal glucose metabolism) was conducted.

Dapagliflozin plus exenatide on patients with type 2 diabetes awaiting bariatric surgery in the DEXBASU study.

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist family together with the renal sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have garnered interest as potential therapeutic agents for subjects with type 2 diabetes and obesity. In these patients, bariatric surgery is indicated based in a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m. A 24-week non-blinded, randomized pilot study to assess the efficacy of subcutaneous exenatide 2.

Liraglutide Improves Forced Vital Capacity in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: Data From the Randomized Crossover LIRALUNG Study.

To evaluate the effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, on pulmonary function and serum levels of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in type 2 diabetes. A double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial comprising 76 patients with a baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s <90% of that predicted. Liraglutide was administered for 7 weeks (2 weeks of titration plus 5 weeks at 1.

Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha Expression. Is There a Relationship with the Clock Genes?

Limited reports exist on the relationships between regulation of oxygen homeostasis and circadian clock genes in type 2 diabetes. We examined whether the expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α relates to changes in the expression of clock genes (Period homolog proteins (PER)1, PER2, PER3, Retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA), Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (ARNTL), Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), and Cryptochrome proteins (CRY) 1 and CRY2) in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 129 subjects were evaluated in this cross-sectional study (48% with diabetes).

Dynamics of Anthropometric Indices in a Large Paired Cohort With 10 Years of Follow-Up: Paving the Way to Sarcopenic Obesity.

Paired cohort investigations assessing the evolution of anthropometric indices are scarce. Here we assessed the 10-year evolution of BMI, total body fat, and lean body mass in 50,019 participants aged 18-90 years at the time of first assessment. A retrospective cohort study using an electronic database that contains anonymized, longitudinal data from Primary Care medical records covering the 2007-2008 and 2017-2018 periods.

Effect of Subcutaneous Insulin on Spirometric Maneuvers in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study.

In order to compare spirometric maneuvers in adults according to the presence of type 1 diabetes, a case-control study including 75 patients with type 1 diabetes and 75 controls matched by sex, age, and body mass index were designed. In addition, 75 patients with type 1 diabetes were added to examine the potential the impact of subcutaneous insulin therapy on pulmonary function. Lung function measurements were assessed according to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease guidelines.

Effect of Glucose Improvement on Nocturnal Sleep Breathing Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Candy Dreams Study.

Type 2 diabetes exerts a negative impact on sleep breathing. It is unknown whether a long-term improvement in glycemic control ameliorates this effect. We conducted an interventional study with 35 patients with type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to explore this.

Are Obesity Indices Useful for Detecting Subclinical Atheromatosis in a Middle-Aged Population?

Objective: There is a close relationship between excess adiposity and cardiovascular disease. Although body mass index (BMI) is the most used approach to estimate excess weight, other anthropometric indices have been developed to measure total body and abdominal adiposity. Here, our objective was to assess the usefulness of these anthropometric indices to detect subclinical atheromatous disease.

Sympathetic Hyperactivity and Sleep Disorders in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.

Many studies on the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on sleep breathing have shown a higher prevalence and severity of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) in those with T2DM. Moreover, an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system has been described in both pathologies. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess sympathetic activity in patients with T2DM, and to investigate the relationship between sympathetic activity and polysomnographic parameters.

Characteristics of atheromatosis in the prediabetes stage: a cross-sectional investigation of the ILERVAS project.

Background: Prediabetes has recently been associated with subclinical atheromatous disease in the middle-aged population. Our aim was to characterize atheromatous plaque burden by the number of affected territories and the total plaque area in the prediabetes stage.

Methods: Atheromatous plaque burden (quantity of plaques and total plaque area) was assessed in 12 territories from the carotid and femoral regions using ultrasonography in 6688 non-diabetic middle-aged subjects without cardiovascular disease.

Obesity, a Diet-Induced Inflammatory Disease.

Obesity is a multifactorial and complex disease that continues to challenge patients and professional caregivers [...

Adipose Tissue Protein Glycoxidation is Associated with Weight-Loss Potential.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the differences in protein oxidation biomarkers in adipose tissue (AT) as an indicator of AT metabolism and bariatric surgery weight-loss success.

Methods: A human model, in which sixty-five individuals with obesity underwent bariatric surgery, and a diet-induced obesity animal model, in which animals were treated for 2 months with normocaloric diets, were analyzed to determine the associations between AT protein oxidation and body weight loss. Protein oxidative biomarkers were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in AT from human volunteers before the surgery, as well as 2 months after a diet treatment in the animal model.

Mediterranean diet, physical activity and subcutaneous advanced glycation end-products' accumulation: a cross-sectional analysis in the ILERVAS project.

Purpose: Adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and physical activity have been associated to lower cardiovascular risk and mortality. Our purpose was to test the modification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) as one of the underlying mechanisms explaining this relationship.

Methods: Cross-sectional study assessing the adherence to MedDiet (14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form) in 2646 middle-aged subjects without known cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes from the ILERVAS study.

Lung function measurements in the prediabetes stage: data from the ILERVAS Project.

Aims: Patients with type 2 diabetes have been considered a susceptible group for pulmonary dysfunction. Our aim was to assess pulmonary function on the prediabetes stage.

Methods: Pulmonary function was assessed in 4,459 non-diabetic subjects, aged between 45 and 70 years, without cardiovascular disease or chronic pulmonary obstructive disease from the ongoing study ILERVAS.

The influence of sleep apnea syndrome and intermittent hypoxia in carotid adventitial vasa vasorum.

Subjects with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) show an increased carotid intima-media thickness. However, no data exist about earlier markers of atheromatous disease, such as the proliferation and expansion of the adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) to the avascular intima in this setting. Our aim was to assess carotid VV density and its relationship with sleep parameters in a cohort of obese patients without prior vascular events.

Effects of Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity on Pulmonary Function: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the ILERVAS Project.

A few studies showed that both adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and physical activity practice have a positive impact on pulmonary function in subjects with lung disease. These associations are not well studied in subjects free from lung disease. In a cross-sectional study conducted in 3020 middle-aged subjects free of lung disease, adherence to the MedDiet using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, and physical activity practice using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form were recorded.

Effect of Glucose Improvement on Spirometric Maneuvers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Sweet Breath Study.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes exerts a deleterious effect on lung function. However, it is unknown whether an improvement in glycemic control ameliorates pulmonary function.

Research Design And Methods: Prospective interventional study with 60 patients with type 2 diabetes and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) ≤90% of predicted.

Influence of Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Impact on the Carotid Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Signal.

Introduction/purpose: Adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) expansion to the avascular intima precedes an increase in carotid intima-media thickness. However, factors involved in the development of the atherosclerotic process and its reversibility remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the VV signal in both morbid obesity and after bariatric surgery (BS).

Serum Surfactant Protein D as a Biomarker for Measuring Lung Involvement in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: Lung impairment is a new target for late diabetic complications. Biomarkers that could help identify patients requiring functional respiratory tests have not been reported.

Objective: Our aim was to examine whether serum surfactant protein D (SP-D) and A (SP-A) could be useful biomarkers of lung damage in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) without known lung disease.