Antibiotic prophylaxis for acute cholecystectomy: PEANUTS II multicentre randomized non-inferiority clinical trial.

Background: Guidelines recommending antibiotic prophylaxis at emergency cholecystectomy for cholecystitis were based on low-quality evidence. The aim of this trial was to demonstrate that omitting antibiotics is not inferior to their prophylactic use.

Methods: This multicentre, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority clinical trial randomly assigned adults with mild-to-moderate acute calculous cholecystitis (immediate cholecystectomy indicated) to 2 g cefazolin administered before incision or no antibiotic prophylaxis.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus percutaneous catheter drainage for acute cholecystitis in high risk patients (CHOCOLATE): multicentre randomised clinical trial.

Objective: To assess whether laparoscopic cholecystectomy is superior to percutaneous catheter drainage in high risk patients with acute calculous cholecystitis.

Design: Multicentre, randomised controlled, superiority trial.

Setting: 11 hospitals in the Netherlands, February 2011 to January 2016.

[Treatment for acute cholecystitis].

- This article provides an update on the current state of treatment in respect of acute cholecystitis. Several aspects are addressed such as the timing of, and approach to, cholecystectomy, the benefits and disadvantages of percutaneous gallbladder drainage, conservative treatment and the usefulness of antibiotic prophylaxis.- Early cholecystectomy is superior to delayed cholecystectomy as this is associated with fewer wound infections, shorter hospital stay, lower costs and greater patient satisfaction.

Accurate diagnosis of prenatal cleft lip/palate by understanding the embryology.

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common congenital malformations. Ultrasonographers involved in the routine 20-wk ultrasound screening could encounter these malformations. The face and palate develop in a very characteristic way.

Acute cholecystitis in elderly patients: A case for early cholecystectomy.

Background: Recent advances in laparoscopic techniques and perioperative care have changed the indications for surgery in elderly patients. Consequently, the willingness to offer early surgery for acute cholecystitis continues to increase. This study aims to assess the perioperative outcome of early cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis in elderly patients.

Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in the treatment of acute cholecystitis (PEANUTS II trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The additional value of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing infectious complications after emergency cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis is a much-debated subject in the surgical community. Evidence-based guidelines are lacking, and consequently the use of antibiotic prophylaxis varies greatly among surgeons and hospitals. Recently, high-level evidence became available demonstrating that postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with acute cholecystitis does not reduce the risk of infectious complications.

The optimal treatment of patients with mild and moderate acute cholecystitis: time for a revision of the Tokyo Guidelines.

Introduction: According to the Tokyo Guidelines, severity of acute cholecystitis is divided into three grades based on the degree of inflammation and the presence of organ dysfunction. These guidelines recommend grade I (mild) acute cholecystitis to be treated with early laparoscopic cholecystectomy and grade II (moderate) acute cholecystitis with delayed cholecystectomy. Yet, several studies have shown that, for acute cholecystitis in general, early cholecystectomy is superior to delayed cholecystectomy in terms of complication rate, duration of hospital stay and costs.

Randomized clinical trial of extended versus single-dose perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for acute calculous cholecystitis.

Background: Many patients who have surgery for acute cholecystitis receive postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, with the intent to reduce infectious complications. There is, however, no evidence that extending antibiotics beyond a single perioperative dose is advantageous. This study aimed to determine the effect of extended antibiotic prophylaxis on infectious complications in patients with mild acute cholecystitis undergoing cholecystectomy.

Early Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis in the Elderly Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: In the era of advanced surgical techniques and improved perioperative care, the willingness to perform emergency operations in elderly patients continues to increase. This systematic review aimed at assessing the clinical outcomes of early cholecystectomy in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis.

Methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for studies reporting on early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in patients aged ≥70 years.

Conservative treatment of acute cholecystitis: a systematic review and pooled analysis.

Background: In medical practice, the tendency to remove an inflamed gallbladder is deeply rooted. Cholecystectomy, however, is associated with relatively high complication rates, and therefore the decision whether or not to perform surgery should be well considered. For some patients, the surgical risk-benefit profile may favour conservative treatment.

The accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in determining the type of orofacial cleft.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of prenatal transabdominal ultrasound in determining the oral cleft type.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on all consecutive cases of orofacial cleft diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound examination in the Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital, between January 2002 and December 2012. Prenatal findings were compared with postnatal diagnoses.