Vaping Associated Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.

Introduction: E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI) has been an important health risk in both children and adults. The pathophysiology of EVALI is not well understood. However, it is speculated that certain substances such as Vitamin E Acetate (VEA), particularly in marijuana containing vape cartridges may result in lung injury and lead to respiratory dysfunction.

Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) may play a role in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Elevated levels of TGF-β are found in the aqueous humor and in reactive optic nerve astrocytes in patients with glaucoma. In POAG, aqueous humor outflow resistance at the trabecular meshwork (TM) leads to increased intraocular pressure and retinal ganglion cell death.