Potential induction of apoptosis and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in Aedes mosquitoes by Streptomyces-derived ethyl acetate extract.

The use of Streptomyces secondary metabolites for mosquito control has recently received positive attention. Accordingly, this study was performed to elucidate the cellular, genomic and biochemical responses of Aedes mosquitoes to Streptomyces sp. KSF103 ethyl acetate (EA) extract, a mixture previously characterized for its potential bioactivity.

Exploring in Ischemic Stroke and Moyamoya Disease: From Cellular Models to Clinical Insights.

Advances in stroke genetics have highlighted the critical role of rare genetic variants in cerebrovascular diseases, with emerging as a key player in ischemic stroke and Moyamoya disease (MMD). Initially identified as the primary susceptibility gene for MMD, -notably the p.R4810K variant-has been strongly linked to intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) and various ischemic stroke subtypes, particularly in East Asian populations.

Severe invasive infections linked to IRAK2 immune variants.

In subjects with peculiar susceptibility to severe infections by common pyogenic bacteria, mutations of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase proteins (IRAK)1 and IRAK4 had been identified. The IRAK kinases function as downstream signal transductors following the activation of pathogen recognition receptors. In two patients with sequential or repeated invasive infections: herpes simplex virus-triggered hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with tuberculosis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia with candidemia respectively, novel mutations of IRAK2 were identified.

Epigenetic Biomarkers and the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Opisthorchis viverrini-associated Cholangiocarcinoma: A Scoping Review on Therapeutic Opportunities.

Background: Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are pivotal in regulating gene expression pathways related to inflammation and cancer. While there is substantial research on epigenetic markers in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), Opisthorchis viverrini-induced cholangiocarcinoma (Ov-CCA) is overlooked as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) with limited representation in the literature. Considering the distinct etiological agent, pathogenic mechanisms, and pathological manifestations, epigenetic research plays a pivotal role in uncovering markers and potential targets related to the cancer-promoting and morbidity-inducing liver fluke parasite prevalent in the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS).

A meta-analysis of livestock brucellosis prevalence in Indonesia.

Indonesia has a long history of livestock brucellosis, but the overall pooled prevalence remains unclear. This study aims to determine the pooled estimated prevalence of livestock brucellosis in Indonesia using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Five databases were searched and screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Comparison and precision of visceral adipose tissue measurement techniques in a multisite longitudinal study using MRI.

Background: Measurement of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered accurate and safe. Single slice measurements perform similar to volumetric measurements for cross-sectional observation studies but may not perform as well for longitudinal studies. This study compared the performance of single slice to volumetric VAT measurements in a prospective longitudinal study.

Incorporating AI into cardiovascular diseases prevention-insights from Singapore.

Improved upstream primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) would enable more individuals to lead lives free of CVD. However, there remain limitations in the current provision of CVD primary prevention, where artificial intelligence (AI) may help to fill the gaps. Using the data informatics capabilities at the National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, empowered by the Endeavour AI system, and combined large language model (LLM) tools, our team has created a real-time dashboard able to capture and showcase information on cardiovascular risk factors at both individual and geographical level- CardioSight.

Sunlight exposure might account for the relatively low COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in tropical countries.

The present study aimed at exploring whether sunlight exposure might account for the relative difference in COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality between tropical and non-tropical countries. A retrospective observational study was designed and data from the World Health Organization weekly COVID-19 epidemiological update was compiled. We examined the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per 100 000 population, as well as the total number of COVID-19-related mortalities per 100 000 population.

Correction: Effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted App for Improving Eating Behaviors: Mixed Methods Evaluation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/46036.].

Effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted App for Improving Eating Behaviors: Mixed Methods Evaluation.

Background: A plethora of weight management apps are available, but many individuals, especially those living with overweight and obesity, still struggle to achieve adequate weight loss. An emerging area in weight management is the support for one's self-regulation over momentary eating impulses.

Objective: This study aims to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel artificial intelligence-assisted weight management app in improving eating behaviors in a Southeast Asian cohort.

Molecular prevalence of spp. in bat flies in east coast Malaysia.

Bats are a significant reservoir for numerous pathogens, including spp. It is one of the emerging zoonotic bacterial diseases that can be transmitted to humans and may cause various unspecific clinical manifestations. Thus, bartonellosis is rarely diagnosed and is regarded as a neglected vector-borne disease (VBD).

Feline leptospirosis prevalence worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic approaches.

Background And Aim: Leptospirosis in felids (domestic and wild cats) presents an ongoing challenge in our understanding. Numerous studies have reported the detection of spp. in these feline populations, highlighting their potential as zoonotic carriers.

Automated abdominal adipose tissue segmentation and volume quantification on longitudinal MRI using 3D convolutional neural networks with multi-contrast inputs.

Objective: Increased subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT/VAT) volume is associated with risk for cardiometabolic diseases. This work aimed to develop and evaluate automated abdominal SAT/VAT segmentation on longitudinal MRI in adults with overweight/obesity using attention-based competitive dense (ACD) 3D U-Net and 3D nnU-Net with full field-of-view volumetric multi-contrast inputs.

Materials And Methods: 920 adults with overweight/obesity were scanned twice at multiple 3 T MRI scanners and institutions.

Non-classical sp. (closely related to and lower respiratory tract infection in a patient with extensive bronchiectasis: a case report.

An increasing number of reports have described the pathogenic nature of several non-classical spp. Among them, and have been implicated in a myriad of respiratory-associated infections in humans and animals. We report the isolation of a genetically close relative of and from the sputum of a woman in her early 60s with extensive bronchiectasis who presented with fever and brown colored sputum.

Genetics in Ischemic Stroke: Current Perspectives and Future Directions.

Ischemic stroke is a heterogeneous condition influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent advancements have explored genetics in relation to various aspects of ischemic stroke, including the alteration of individual stroke occurrence risk, modulation of treatment response, and effectiveness of post-stroke functional recovery. This article aims to review the recent findings from genetic studies related to various clinical and molecular aspects of ischemic stroke.

Genetic architecture of cardiac dynamic flow volumes.

Cardiac blood flow is a critical determinant of human health. However, the definition of its genetic architecture is limited by the technical challenge of capturing dynamic flow volumes from cardiac imaging at scale. We present DeepFlow, a deep-learning system to extract cardiac flow and volumes from phase-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Platform for the interdisciplinary study of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurovascular diseases (PICMAN) protocol.

Through extensive multisystem phenotyping, the central aim of Project PICMAN is to correlate metabolic flexibility to measures of cardiometabolic health, including myocardial diastolic dysfunction, coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis, body fat distribution and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This cohort will form the basis of larger interventional trials targeting metabolic inflexibility in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Participants aged 21-72 years with no prior manifest atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are being recruited from a preventive cardiology clinic and an existing cohort of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an academic medical centre.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cognition, and Brain Volume in Older Adults.

The elderly population is growing at increased rates and is expected to double in size by 2050 in the United States and worldwide. The consumption of healthy foods and enriched diets have been associated with improved cognition and brain health. The key nutrients common to many healthy foods and diets are the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 FAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Impact of Eating a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on Cortical Atrophy in a Cross-Section of Amyloid Positive Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Small Sample Study.

Background: A carbohydrate-restricted diet aimed at lowering insulin levels has the potential to slow Alzheimer's disease (AD). Restricting carbohydrate consumption reduces insulin resistance, which could improve glucose uptake and neural health. A hallmark feature of AD is widespread cortical thinning; however, no study has demonstrated that lower net carbohydrate (nCHO) intake is linked to attenuated cortical atrophy in patients with AD and confirmed amyloidosis.

Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Anthropometric and Cardiometabolic Markers in Adults: An Umbrella Review.

We conducted an umbrella review to consolidate the evidence of adopting plant-based diets on anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes. Six electronic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched for systematic reviews with meta-analysis (SRMAs) published from each journal's inception until 1 October 2022. Effect sizes from SRMAs and primary studies were pooled separately using random effects models.

Epicardial Adipose Tissue Assessed by Computed Tomography and Echocardiography Are Associated With Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has garnered attention as a prognostic and risk stratification factor for cardiovascular disease. This study, via meta-analyses, evaluates the associations between EAT and cardiovascular outcomes stratified across imaging modalities, ethnic groups, and study protocols.

Methods: Medline and Embase databases were searched without date restriction on May 2022 for articles that examined EAT and cardiovascular outcomes.

A genomic enhancer signature associates with hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis.

Background & Aims: Lifestyle and environmental-related exposures are important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), suggesting that epigenetic dysregulation significantly underpins HCC. We profiled 30 surgically resected tumours and the matched adjacent normal tissues to understand the aberrant epigenetic events associated with HCC.

Methods: We identified tumour differential enhancers and the associated genes by analysing H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and Hi-C/HiChIP data from the resected tumour samples of 30 patients with early-stage HCC.

Socio-Demographic, Behavioral and Psychological Factors Associated with High BMI among Adults in a Southeast Asian Multi-Ethnic Society: A Structural Equation Model.

While various influencing factors of overweight and obesity have been identified, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We examined the relationships among sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychological factors on anthropometry in a multi-ethnic population with overweight and obesity. Participants ( = 251) were recruited from January to October 2022.