Optimization of the gamma reaction history diagnostic for double-shell pusher areal density and reaction history measurements on the National Ignition Facility.

The double-shell inertial confinement fusion campaign, which consists of an aluminum ablator, a foam cushion, a high-Z pusher (tungsten or molybdenum), and liquid deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel, aims for its first DT filled implosions on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in 2024. The high-Z, high density pusher does not allow x-rays to escape the double-shell capsule. Therefore, nuclear diagnostics such as the Gamma Reaction History (GRH) diagnostic on the NIF are crucial for understanding high-Z implosion performance.

Whole-genome sequence of EL1 isolated from healthy supragingival plaque.

is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the mouth and the upper respiratory tract. Here, we report the genome sequence of strain EL1 isolated from healthy supragingival plaque. This strain is used as a representative commensal of the oral microbiota.

A comparison of past and present computational methods for shape analysis of double-shell x-ray radiographs.

Implosion symmetry is a key requirement in achieving a robust burning plasma in inertial confinement fusion experiments. In double-shell capsule implosions, we are interested in the shape of the inner shell as it pushes on the fuel. Shape analysis is a popular technique for studying said symmetry during implosion.

Estradiol and Dihydrotestosterone Levels in COVID-19 Patients.

Objective: To determine differences in plasma sex hormone levels in male and female coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and healthy volunteers (HVs) because cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 occurs via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor which is downregulated by 17β-estradiol.

Patients And Methods: Citrated plasma samples were collected from 101 patients with COVID-19 upon presentation to the emergency department and from 40 HVs between November 1, 2020, and May 30, 2021. Plasma 17β-estradiol and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pg/mL).

Monte Carlo N-Particle forward modeling for density reconstruction of double shell capsule radiographs.

In the Double Shell Inertial Confinement Fusion concept, characterizing the shape asymmetry of imploding metal shells is vital for understanding energy-efficient compression and radiative losses of the thermonuclear fuel. The Monte Carlo N-Particle MCNP code forward models radiography of Double Shell capsule implosions using the Advanced Radiographic Capability at the National Ignition Facility. A procedure is developed for using MCNP to reconstruct density profiles from the radiograph image intensity.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for tube thoracostomy placement in trauma: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis is routinely administered for most operative procedures, but their utility for certain bedside procedures remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis and developed evidence-based recommendations on whether trauma patients receiving tube thoracostomy (TT) for traumatic hemothorax or pneumothorax should receive antibiotic prophylaxis.

Methods: Published literature was searched through MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase (via Elsevier), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (via Wiley), Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.

Postsurgical Remote Patient Monitoring Outcomes and Perceptions: A Mixed-Methods Assessment.

Objective: To determine how postsurgical remote patient monitoring (RPM) influences readmissions and emergency visits within 30 days of discharge after operation and to understand patient and surgeon perspectives on postsurgical RPM.

Patients And Methods: This study was conducted at a US tertiary academic medical center between April 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. This mixed-methods evaluation included a randomized controlled trial evaluation of RPM after operation and a qualitative assessment of patients' and surgeons' perceptions of RPM's acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness.

A Case of Internet Gaming Disorder: When #Play Apart Together Takes a Dark Turn.

Background: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) places internet Gaming disorder (IGD) in its research appendix as a potential new behavioral addiction diagnosis that requires further investigation. As part of the media campaign #HealthyAtHome, recommendation to relieve stress and anxiety during COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO) advocated for the playing of video games. The encouragement and expansion of playing video games may have led to the unintentional consequence of increasing the prevalence of IGD as IGD has been postulated to be a maladaptive response to stress.

Biomarkers of thromboinflammation correlate to COVID-19 infection and admission status in emergency department patients.

Background: COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is incompletely understood.

Objectives: To characterize thrombin generation, Von Willebrand Factor (VWF), neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and their role in COVID-19 risk stratification in the emergency department (ED).

Patients/methods: Plasma samples from 67 ED COVID-19 patients were compared to 38 healthy volunteers (HVs).

Increasing Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care: Removing the Training Requirement May Not Be Enough.

Background: Substance use disorders, including opioid use disorder (OUD), are understood as chronic diseases with a relapsing and remitting course and no known cure. Medications for OUD (MOUD) are well established with decades of evidence supporting their safety and efficacy; however, treatment access remains poor and inequitable. Buprenorphine is an MOUD that can be prescribed in a primary care outpatient setting, although regulatory and administrative challenges are a barrier to prescribing it.

Attending a Biopsychosocially Focused Buprenorphine Training Improves Clinician Attitudes.

Substance use disorders remain highly stigmatized. Access to medications for opioid use disorder is poor. There are many barriers to expanding access including stigma and lack of medical education about substance use disorders.

Chromatin accessibility changes at intergenic regions are associated with ovarian cancer drug resistance.

Background: Resistance to DNA damaging chemotherapies leads to cancer treatment failure and poor patient prognosis. We investigated how genomic distribution of accessible chromatin sites is altered during acquisition of cisplatin resistance using matched ovarian cell lines from high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients before and after becoming clinically resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy.

Results: Resistant lines show altered chromatin accessibility at intergenic regions, but less so at gene promoters.

A case report of a retained interventricular septal bullet after gunshot wound.

Cardiac gunshot injuries herald a universally grim prognosis. We present an exceedingly unique case of a patient surviving multiple gunshot wounds with two bullet fragments lodged in the interventricular septum. A 25-year-old male sustained four gunshot wound injuries to the upper body.

Exploring the utility of a novel point-of-care whole blood thrombin generation assay following trauma: A pilot study.

Introduction: Plasma thrombin generation kinetics as measured by the calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) assay is a predictor of symptomatic venous thromboembolism after trauma. We hypothesized that data from a new prototype assay for measurement of thrombin generation kinetics in fresh whole blood (near patient testing of thrombin generation), will correlate with the standard CAT assay in the same patients, making it a potential tool in the future care of trauma patients.

Methods: Patients were enrolled from June 2018 to February 2020.

Neural network for 3D inertial confinement fusion shell reconstruction from single radiographs.

In inertial confinement fusion (ICF), x-ray radiography is a critical diagnostic for measuring implosion dynamics, which contain rich three-dimensional (3D) information. Traditional methods for reconstructing 3D volumes from 2D radiographs, such as filtered backprojection, require radiographs from at least two different angles or lines of sight (LOS). In ICF experiments, the space for diagnostics is limited, and cameras that can operate on fast timescales are expensive to implement, limiting the number of projections that can be acquired.

A Quality Improvement Initiative Addressing Safe Opioid Prescribing and Disposal Postcesarean Delivery.

Background: Misuse of prescription opioids is a public health crisis in the United States. In 2016, it was estimated that 3.3 million Americans were misusing prescription opioids (SAMHSA, 2017) and nearly 63,632 deaths were due to prescription opioid misuse.

Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Syndecan-1 Shedding Are Increased After Trauma.

Background: Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) stimulate endothelial syndecan-1 shedding and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation. The role of NETs in trauma and trauma-induced hypercoagulability is unknown. We hypothesized that trauma patients with accelerated thrombin generation would have increased NETosis and syndecan-1 levels.

Interprofessional collaboration and smartphone use as promising strategies to improve prenatal oral health care utilization among US underserved women: results from a qualitative study.

Background: Data on barriers and facilitators to prenatal oral health care among low-income US women are lacking. The objective of this study was to understand barriers/facilitators and patient-centered mitigation strategies related to the use of prenatal oral health care among underserved US women.

Methods: We used community-based participatory research to conduct two focus groups with eight pregnant/parenting women; ten individual in-depth interviews with medical providers, dental providers and community/social workers; and one community engagement studio with five representative community stakeholders in 2018-2019.

Rehabilitation from meningioma.

This chapter discusses the complex process of acute rehabilitation of patients after meningioma. Acute inpatient rehabilitation after meningioma utilizes an interdisciplinary approach to provide comprehensive rehabilitation through a team of physical, occupational, and speech therapists, nurses, doctors, recreational therapists, neuropsychologists, case managers and social workers, all of whom specialize in providing rehabilitation care. The prognosis of rehabilitation outcomes in this population is similar to that of the stroke population, and patients benefit from rehabilitation to maximize function in the setting of ongoing treatment.

Demonstration of Scale-Invariant Rayleigh-Taylor Instability Growth in Laser-Driven Cylindrical Implosion Experiments.

Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth is shown to be hydrodynamically scale invariant in convergent cylindrical implosions for targets that varied in radial dimension and implosion timescale by a factor of 3. The targets were driven directly by laser irradiation providing a short impulse, and instability growth at an embedded aluminum interface occurs as it converges radially inward by a factor of 2.25 and decelerates on a central foam core.

Optimizing interconception care: Rationale for the IMPLICIT model.

Despite traditional prenatal interventions, the incidence of low birth weight and prematurity in the United States have not significantly decreased. Interconception care for women between pregnancies has been proposed as a method of improving various perinatal outcomes. Although broadly advocated by national groups, interconception care (ICC) has not been widely implemented.