Examining the Case for Dental Hygienists' Teaching Predoctoral Dental Students: A Two-Part Study.

Dental students in North American dental schools are exposed to faculty members with various professional backgrounds. These faculty members may include dentists, dental hygienists, and scientists without clinical dental credentials. The practice of dental hygienists' educating predoctoral dental students has not been well documented.

Periodontal Microorganisms and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes and Without Diabetes.

Background: A subset of periodontal microorganisms has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading complication of type 1 diabetes (t1DM). The authors therefore evaluated the association between periodontal microorganism groups and early markers of CVD in youth with t1DM.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among youth aged 12 to 19 years at enrollment; 105 had t1DM for ≥5 years and were seeking care at the Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado, from 2009 to 2011, and 71 did not have diabetes.

Comparison of Frequency and Duration of Periodontal Disease With Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium in Patients With and Without Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

People with type 1 diabetes mellitus manifest a greater burden of both periodontal disease and coronary artery disease (CAD); however, little is known about their interrelation. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) measures subclinical atherosclerosis and predicts major adverse coronary events. The relation between periodontal disease and CAC progression in individuals with type 1 diabetes has not been previously described.

Validation of a method for quantifying carotid artery calcification from panoramic radiographs.

Objective: Carotid artery calcification can be visualized on panoramic radiographs. Incidental observation of these calcifications could identify patients in need of further screening. The purpose of this study was to validate the assessment and quantification of calcification on panoramic radiographs with the stenosis and the calculated resistive index (RI) from Doppler ultrasonography.

Loss of alveolar bone due to periodontal disease exhibits a threshold on the association with coronary heart disease.

Background: A number of epidemiologic studies were published that looked at the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontal disease. However, debate exists about whether this association is a true relationship or simply an example of an uncontrolled confounder. This retrospective cohort study examines the relationship between periodontal disease and CHD.

Oral Health Knowledge and Behaviors among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Early onset and more advanced periodontal disease has been reported for children with diabetes. We surveyed oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among adolescents with diabetes in order to inform potential intervention strategies. Study subjects were youth (ages 12-19 years) with type 1 diabetes (N = 90) participating in a cohort study investigating determinants of periodontal disease at a regional pediatric diabetes specialty clinic.

Sodium channel Nav1.6 accumulates at the site of infraorbital nerve injury.

Background: Sodium channel (NaCh) expressions change following nerve and inflammatory lesions and this change may contribute to the activation of pain pathways. In a previous study we found a dramatic increase in the size and density of NaCh accumulations, and a remodeling of NaChs at intact and altered myelinated sites at a location just proximal to a combined partial axotomy and chromic suture lesion of the rat infraorbital nerve (ION) with the use of an antibody that identifies all NaCh isoforms. Here we evaluate the contribution of the major nodal NaCh isoform, Nav1.

Increased sodium channel immunofluorescence at myelinated and demyelinated sites following an inflammatory and partial axotomy lesion of the rat infraorbital nerve.

The localization of sodium channels (NaChs) change following nerve lesions and this change may contribute to the development of increased pain states. Here we examine the change in distribution of NaChs within the rat infraorbital nerve (ION) two weeks after a combined inflammatory/partial axotomy lesion that results in behavior showing increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. Sections from experimental and normal control IONs were double-stained for indirect immunofluorescence using an antibody that identifies all NaCh isoforms and caspr-antibody to identify nodes of Ranvier, and a confocal microscope z-series of optically sectioned images were then obtained.

Localization of the Nav1.8 sodium channel isoform at nodes of Ranvier in normal human radicular tooth pulp.

The activation of voltage-gated sodium channels is necessary for action potential propagation and multiple sodium channel isoforms have been identified that show a differential distribution throughout the nervous system. An evaluation of sodium channel localization in the radicular pulp from normal human extracted third molars established the presence of the Na(v)1.8 isoform at nodes of Ranvier in a subpopulation of the myelinated axons as demonstrated with immunofluorescence confocal microscopy.

Ultrasound measurement of mandibular arterial blood supply: techniques for defining ischemia in the pathogenesis of alveolar ridge atrophy and tooth loss in the elderly?

Purpose: To adapt ultrasound methods used to measure blood flow in the extremities to quantify mandible blood flow in order to determine the role of ischemia in the pathogenesis of mandible atrophy and tooth loss in the elderly.

Patients And Methods: Doppler and duplex ultrasound techniques as used in measurement of arterial pulse in the extremities were adapted for recording the intraoral pulse profile at 7 sites in 57 patients of varying ages.

Results: After omitting the large number (26 patients) with signals of indeterminate strength, the mental artery pulse was strong in 11 of 12 (92%) in those younger than 65 versus 9 of 19 (47% in those older than 65 years; P = .

The effects of subgingival calculus on the clinical outcomes of locally-delivered controlled-release doxycycline compared to scaling and root planing.

Background/aim: The effect of subgingival calculus on the clinical outcomes of the local delivery of antimicrobials is unknown. This study examines the clinical outcomes of treatment with locally delivered controlled-release doxycycline (DH) or scaling and root planing (SRP) in subsets of adult periodontitis patients with known baseline levels of subgingival calculus.

Methods: The data examined were obtained from 393 patients who participated in 2 multi-center trials.