Camrelizumab Combined with Apatinib for Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Two Case Reports.

Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is a common complication of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC typically infiltrates intrahepatic vessels, particularly the portal vein, leading to the formation of PVTT, marking advanced-stage HCC and correlating with poor prognosis. PVTT often complicates local treatment strategies such as surgical resection and affects the efficacy of interventions.

Modified Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Combined with Lenvatinib and Camrelizumab for Advanced HCC: Two Case Reports.

Background: Advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially huge HCC or portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT), is difficult to treat, and the prognosis is poor. The advantages of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy for this complex disease are gradually becoming apparent. However, HAIC still has some inevitable disadvantages, such as arterial perfusion therapy requiring a long time, which results in many patients having difficulty completing the procedure.

Case report and literature review: PET/CT in the evaluation of response to treatment of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer with DEBIRI-TACE.

Background: Irinotecan-loaded drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEBIRI-TACE) is a safe and effective therapeutic option for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). The evaluation of treatment response after DEBIRI-TACE is very important for assessing the patient's condition. At present, the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) with the tumor size obtained by CT and/or MRI and PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) based on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) are used for evaluating the response to therapy of solid tumors; however, their value in the assessment of treatment response after DEBIRI-TACE remains unclear.

Downregulation of desmoglein 2 promotes EMT progression in gallbladder cancer.

Objective: To explore the correlation between the expression level of Desmoglein 2 (DSG2) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression in gallbladder cancer (GBC).

Method: 106 GBC tissue specimens and corresponding clinical information were collected to make a tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical method was used to test the expression level of DSG2 in GBC tissues.

Overexpression of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease15 (USP15) Promotes Tumor Growth and Inhibits Apoptosis and Correlated With Poor Disease-Free Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

USP15 is a member of ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs, the largest subfamily of deubiquitinases) and functions as a stabilize factor of target proteins in reversible ubiquitiantion progression. Dysregulated expression of USP15 has been observed in various cancers. However the expression profile and regulatory mechanism of USP15 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely elusive.

LETM1 is a potential biomarker of prognosis in lung non-small cell carcinoma.

Background: Although the leucine zipper-EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) is one of the mitochondrial inner membrane proteins that is involved in cancer prognosis in various tumors, LETM1 as a biomarker for prognostic evaluation of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has not been well studied.

Methods: To address this issue, we used 75 cases NSCLC, 20 cases adjacent normal lung tissues and NSCLC cell lines. We performed immunohistochemistry staining and western blot analysis as well as immunofluorescence imaging.

LETM1 is required for mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular viability (Review).

Leucine zipper/EF‑hand‑containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) has been identified as the gene responsible for Wolf‑Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), which is characterized by intellectual disability, epilepsy, growth delay and craniofacial dysgenesis. LETM1 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that encodes a homolog of the yeast protein Mdm38, which is involved in mitochondrial morphology. In the present review, the importance of LETM1 in WHS and its role within the mitochondrion was explored.

Long non-coding RNA activated by TGF-β expression in cancer prognosis: A meta-analysis.

Background: Recently, long non-coding RNA activated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (lncRNA ATB) was shown to be useful in cancer prognosis, however, its prognostic value in human cancer has been inconsistent. Our study aimed to explore the prognostic role of lncRNA ATB expression in cancer prognosis.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were thoroughly searched to retrieve studies focusing on the prognostic role of lncRNA ATB expression in cancer, and meta-analysis was performed.

Identification of LETM1 as a marker of cancer stem-like cells and predictor of poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) is closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. This study discusses the expression of LETM1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its association with cancer stem-like cells (CSC). We used immunohistochemistry in 166 ESCC tissue samples, as well as Western blot and immunofluorescent methods in ESCC cell lines, to study the role of LETM1 and its association with CSC in ESCC.

B7H4 is associated with stemness and cancer progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

B7H4 is overexpressed in human cancers and often correlates with poor clinical outcome. There is a lack of data on the role of B7H4 as a cancer stem cell (CSC) regulator in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its expression levels compared to other stemness genes in ESCC. In this study, we have assessed the expression of B7H4 and cancer stemness proteins in 156 paraffin-embedded ESCC tissue samples using immunohistochemistry as well as in ESCC cell lines using Western blotting and immunofluorescence imaging.

LETM1 overexpression is correlated with the clinical features and survival outcome of breast cancer.

Background: Leucine zipper/EF hand-containing transmembrane-1 (LETM1) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that was first identified in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. However, high-level expression of LETM1 has been correlated with multiple human malignancies, suggesting roles in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. This study is aimed to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic value of LETM1 overexpression in breast cancer.

Clinical implication of leucine zipper/EF hand-containing transmembrane-1 overexpression in the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with higher rates of relapse and decreased overall survival in metastatic tumors. Due to its poor prognosis, it is necessary to identify effective biomarkers that are associated with tumor growth and metastasis. The leucine zipper/EF hand-containing transmembrane-1 (LETM1) protein, which is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, can reduce mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production.

High expression of leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 predicts poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein and plays an important role in mitochondrial ATP production and biogenesis. High expression levels of LETM1 have been correlated with numerous human malignancies. This study explored the clinicopathological significance of LETM1 expression as a prognostic determinant in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

SOCS3 and SOCS6 are required for the risperidone-mediated inhibition of insulin and leptin signaling in neuroblastoma cells.

Antipsychotic drugs are regularly used for the treatment of many types of psychiatric disorders. The administration of second-generation antipsychotics is often associated with weight gain and the development of diabetes mellitus; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these drugs remain poorly understood. Leptin and insulin play key roles in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis, and resistance to the actions of these hormones can occur with obesity and inflammation, resulting in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Correlation between HER-2/neu(erbB-2) expression level and therapeutic effect of combination treatment with HERCEPTIN and chemotherapeutic agents in gastric cancer cell lines.

Introduction: Although advanced gastric cancer has many limitations and response rate is marginal in chemotherapy. Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2/neu) gene and its protein are associated with increased cell division and a high rate of tumor growth and have been reported in several malignancies. Especially, approximately 30% of breast cancer patients have overexpression of HER-2/neu protein and the overexpression metastasize faster, induces resistance of the chemotherapy and down-regulate function of estrogen receptor.

Prognostic value of T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 in prostate cancer.

Background: Optimal treatment for prostate cancer remains a challenge worldwide. Recently, T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) has been implicated in tumor biology but its contribution prostate cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TIM-3 as a prognostic marker in patients with prostate cancer.

PKB-mediated PHF20 phosphorylation on Ser291 is required for p53 function in DNA damage.

PHD finger protein 20 (PHF20) is a transcription factor, which was originally identified in glioma patients. PHF20 appears to be a novel antigen in glioma, and has also termed glioma-expressed antigen 2. PHF20 is thought to contribute to the development of cancers, including glioblastoma, lung cancer, colon cancer and ovarian cancer.

Identification of differentially expressed genes in gastric cancer by high density cDNA microarray.

The identification of molecular markers for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is a significant issue in the management of patients with gastric cancer. We compared the expression profiles of 23 gastric cancers and 22 normal gastric tissues using cDNA microarrays. We divided the samples into two sets, 11 pairs as a training set and 12 unpaired gastric cancer and 11 unpaired normal gastric tissues as a test set.

Genetic analysis of liver metastatic cell lines with different metastatic potential.

Metastasis is the major feature of malignant tumors that causes 90% of cancer deaths. Our laboratory has already established liver metastatic clones with YCC-16, isolated from the blood of a gastric cancer patient and expanded in vitro culture using a repeated orthotopic implantation method, and had reported biologic behaviour of the parental YCC-16, the orthotopic primary S1L0, and S1L1, S2L2 and S3L3 liver metastatic clones. Here, using these cell lines, we screened from chromosomal abnormalities using karyotype analysis and micro-CGH matching.

Suppression of lung tumorigenesis by leucine zipper/EF hand-containing transmembrane-1.

Background: Leucine zipper/EF hand-containing transmembrane-1 (LETM1) encodes for the human homologue of yeast Mdm38p, which is a mitochondria-shaping protein of unclear function. However, a previous study demonstrated that LETM1 served as an anchor protein for complex formation between mitochondria and ribosome, and regulated mitochondrial biogenesis.

Methodology/principal Findings: Therefore, we examine the possibility that LETM1 may function to regulate mitochondria and lung tumor growth.

Heat shock protein 70-mediated sensitization of cells to apoptosis by Carboxyl-Terminal Modulator Protein.

Background: The serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is involved in insulin signaling, cellular survival, and transformation. Carboxyl-terminal modulator protein (CTMP) has been identified as a novel PKB binding partner in a yeast two-hybrid screen, and appears to be a negative PKB regulator with tumor suppressor-like properties. In the present study we investigate novel mechanisms by which CTMP plays a role in apoptosis process.

Association of LETM1 and MRPL36 contributes to the regulation of mitochondrial ATP production and necrotic cell death.

Leucine zipper/EF hand-containing transmembrane-1 (LETM1) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that was first identified in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, and was deleted in nearly all patients with the syndrome. LETM1 encodes for the human homologue of yeast Mdm38p, which is a mitochondria-shaping protein of unclear function. Here, we describe LETM1-mediated regulation of mitochondrial ATP production and biogenesis.

Regulation of OPA1-mediated mitochondrial fusion by leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein-1 plays a role in apoptosis.

Carboxyl-terminal modulator protein (CTMP) is a tumor suppressor-like binding partner of Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) that negative regulates this kinase. In the course of our recent work, we identified that CTMP is consistently associated with leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane-1 (LETM1). Here, we report that adenovirus-LETM1 increased the sensitivity of HeLa cells to apoptosis, induced by either staurosporine or actinomycin D.