Life cycle CO emissions for the new energy vehicles in China drawing on the reshaped survival pattern.

Promoting new energy vehicles (NEVs) is the key to achieving net-zero emissions in the transportation sector. NEVs' total life cycle CO emissions are mainly determined by average vehicle lifespan, annual mileage traveled, energy carbon intensity and energy mix in the production stage. Current studies mainly adopt assumptions about NEVs' average lifespan due to limited available data.