[Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection induces glycolysis of macrophages to facilitate viral replication].

This work aims to explore the effect of glycolysis on the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). The changes of glucose metabolism, PRRSV protein levels, PRRSV titers, and the relative expression levels of genes and proteins in PAMs were analyzed by ELISA, qPCR, virus titration, and Western blotting after PRRSV infection. The effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on PRRSV replication was subsequently assessed by specific siRNAs targeting to HIF-1α.

Quercetin alleviates inflammation induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in MARC-145 cells through the regulation of arachidonic acid and glutamine metabolism.

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection causes severe inflammatory response, respiratory disease and sow reproductive failure. Quercetin is among the widely occurring polypheno found abundantly in nature. Quercetin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-viral properties.

Terpinen-4-ol Improves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Inflammation by Regulating Glutamine Metabolism.

Terpinen-4-ol (T-4-O) is an important component of tea tree oil and has anti-inflammatory effects. Currently, there are very few studies on the mechanisms by which T-4-O improves lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammation. In this study, LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction based on response surface methodology using HPLC-DAD for the analysis of red clover ( L.) isoflavones and its anti-inflammatory activities on LPS-induced 3D4/2 cell.

Introduction: L. has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiovascular disease prevention, and estrogen-like effects. The existing method for the assay of effective components is commonly based on a spectrophotometer, which could not meet the requirement of quality control.

Thymol ameliorates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity via regulating metabolism and autophagy.

Alcoholic liver disease represents a serious threat to human health. In terms of safety and acceptability, thymol is widely used in or on foodstuffs to generate odour and taste. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of thymol against ethanol-induced injury in liver cells.

[Porcine circovirus type 2 induces apoptosis by exosomal miR-125a-5p targeting in porcine lymphocytes].

In order to investigate the apoptosis triggered by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in lymphocytes and the underlying mechanism, the levels of apoptosis and the expression levels of miRNA were examined by flow cytometry, Western blotting and real-time PCR (qPCR). The mimics or inhibitors of miR-125a-5p, an apoptosis-related miRNA, were transfected into PK-15 cells, and the apoptosis rate was examined upon overexpression or inhibition of mir-125a-5p. The target gene of mir-125a-5p was predicted by bioinformatics method, and the regulation of mir-125a-5p on the target gene was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay.

Taurine inhibits necroptosis helps to alleviate inflammatory and injury induced by Klebsiella infection.

Klebsiella infection is widely acknowledged to inflict severe inflammatory damage in bovines. Herein, we demonstrate significant death of EpH4-Ev cells incubated with Klebsiella. And compelling evidence shows that Klebsiella infection increases interactions between the Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3, which promotes phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL to induce necroptosis.

Isolation and biological activities of compounds from L. and their use as a component of a synbiotic preparation.

The study evaluated prebiotic potential and the enzyme inhibition of extracts and isolated compounds of (ruby dock), family Polygonaceae. Eight known compounds were identified in the roots of . Extracts and compounds (-) increased the growth rate of Nissle 1917 differentially compared to controls.

"Don't eat me/eat me"-combined apoptotic body analogues for efficient targeted therapy of triple-negative breast cancer.

For the purpose of efficient targeted therapies, suppressing phagocytosis by a mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), enhancing the "active" targeted delivery, and meeting clinical production criteria are extremely critical for engineering strategies of novel drug delivery systems. Herein, we used a chemically-induced membrane blebbing and extrusion combined method to induce triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell apoptosis to secrete apoptotic body analogue (ABA) vesicles on a large scale for therapeutic drug delivery. After optimization, the ABAs have a desirable size, good biocompatibility, and long-term colloidal stability.

New sesquiterpene glycoside ester with antiprotozoal activity from the flowers of L.

Continued chromatographic investigation of flowers led to the isolation of two sesquiterpenes, including one new, viridiflorol-10--β-quinovopyranoside-2`--(3``-methyl-2``-pentenoate) (), along with a previously reported compound viridiflorol-10--β-fucopyranoside-2`--(3``-methyl-2``-pentenoate) (). The new compound was tested for antiprotozoal activity against Amastigote/THP1 and and it showed IC values of 3.57 and 7.

Rosmarinic acid alleviates ethanol-induced lipid accumulation by repressing fatty acid biosynthesis.

Recent studies have demonstrated that rosmarinic acid is a valuable natural product for treatment of alcoholic liver disease. However, the mechanisms whereby rosmarinic acid improves alcoholic liver disease remain unclear. Here we performed experiments using a non-transformed mouse hepatocyte cell line (AML12).

Application of red clover isoflavone extract as an adjuvant in mice.

In the present study, the safety of red clover isoflavone extract (RCIE) and its potential adjuvant effects on the cellular and humoral immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) were evaluated using an ICR mouse model. On day 1, the mice were first subcutaneously immunized with 100 µg OVA, 100 µg OVA + 200 µg aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) or OVA + 50, 100 or 200 µg RCIE (RCIE + OVA), following which booster immunization was performed on day 15. After 2 weeks, the stimulation of splenocyte proliferation and levels of serum antibodies were measured.

Natural Aldose Reductase Inhibitor: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Aldose reductase (AR) has been reported to be involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic AR is induced under hyperglycemia condition and converts excess glucose to lipogenic fructose, which contributes in part to the accumulation of fat in the liver cells of diabetes rodents. In addition, the hyperglycemia-induced AR or nutrition-induced AR causes suppression of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and reduced lipolysis in the liver, which also contribute to the development of NAFLD.

A new anti-inflammatory flavonoid glycoside from .

The chromatographic reinvestigation the methanol extract of led to the separation of a new flavonoid glycoside, isorhamnetin-3--[2```,3```--isopropylidene-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-(1```→6``)--β-D-glucopyranoside (), together with two known flavonoids, isorhamnetin () and isorhamnetin-3--glucoside (), isolated for the first time from the plant. The new compound was evaluated for the anti-inflammatory activity by using LPS-induce RAW 264.7 cells model.

Aldose Reductase Inhibitors of Plant Origin in the Prevention and Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Minireview.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is caused by heavy alcohol consumption over a long period. Acetaldehyde-mediated toxicity, oxidative stress, and imbalance of lipid metabolism are generally considered involved in the initiation of ALD. There is an increasing requirement for alternative and natural medicine to treat ALD.

Myricetin Ameliorates Ethanol-Induced Lipid Accumulation in Liver Cells by Reducing Fatty Acid Biosynthesis.

Scope: Alcoholic liver disease is a serious threat to human health. The development of drug candidates from complementary and alternative medicines is an attractive approach. Myricetin can be found in fruit, vegetables, and herbs.

Machaerinic acid 3---D-glucuronopyranoside from .

Machaerinic acid 3---D-glucuronopyranoside (), along with ten known compounds (-) were isolated from the methanol extract of L. aerial parts. Their structures were confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR analysis and HRESIMS.

Aldose reductase inhibitor protects mice from alcoholic steatosis by repressing saturated fatty acid biosynthesis.

Alcoholic liver injury results in morbidity and mortality worldwide, but there are currently no effective and safe therapeutics. Previously we demonstrated that aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor ameliorated alcoholic hepatic steatosis. To clarify the mechanism whereby AR inhibitor improves alcoholic hepatic steatosis, herein we investigated the effect of AR inhibitor on hepatic metabolism in mice fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with 5% ethanol.

Myricitrin ameliorates ethanol-induced steatosis in mouse AML12 liver cells by activating AMPK, and reducing oxidative stress and expression of inflammatory cytokines.

It is necessary to identify compounds that may provide protection against alcoholic liver disease. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of myricitrin on the development of ethanol‑induced liver disease has not been previously investigated. The present study aimed to determine the effect of myricitrin on ethanol‑induced steatosis in AML12 mouse liver cells and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Key Role of TFEB Nucleus Translocation for Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Cytoprotective Autophagy.

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Here, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)-induced cytoprotective autophagy required TFEB is shown. Ag NPs-induced nucleus translocation of TFEB through a well-established mechanism involving dephosphorylation of TFEB at serine-142 and serine-211 but independent of both the mTORC1 and ERK1/2 pathways.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethyl acetate extract of (Kitam) leaves.

Kitam (family Compositae) has traditionally been used for the prevention of diabetes, cancer and inflammation in China. However, there are few reports of its anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, after assessing the antioxidant activities of extracts from Kitam leaves, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract of Kitam leaves (EAEG) were further investigated in rats using a cotton pellet-induced model of granuloma.

Inhibition of aldose reductase ameliorates alcoholic liver disease by activating AMPK and modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.

Aldose reductase (AR) expression is elevated in the livers of patients with alcoholic liver diseases. However, the role of AR in the development of alcoholic liver diseases remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of AR inhibition on ethanol‑induced hepatosteatosis in vivo and in vitro, and to identify possible underlying molecular mechanisms.

Curcumin improves alcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis.

Alcoholic fatty liver is a threat to human health. It has been long known that abstinence from alcohol is the most effective therapy, other effective therapies are not available for the treatment in humans. Curcumin has a great potential for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, but the effect on metabolic reconstruction remains little known.

Inhibition of aldose reductase ameliorates ethanol‑induced steatosis in HepG2 cells.

Aldose reductase (AR) expression is increased in liver tissue of patients with ethanol‑induced liver disease. However, the exact role of AR in the development of ethanol‑induced liver disease has yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the effect of an AR inhibitor on ethanol‑induced steatosis in HepG2 cells and to identify possible underlying molecular mechanisms.

Protective Efficacy of an Inactive Vaccine Based on the LY02 Isolate against Acute Haemophilus parasuis Infection in Piglets.

Haemophilus parasuis can cause Glässer's disease characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis. The current prevention of Glässer's disease is mainly based on the inactive vaccines; however, the protective efficacy usually fails in heterogeneous or homologous challenges. Here, the predominant lineage of H.