Replacement of fishmeal with a microbial single-cell protein induced enteropathy and poor growth outcomes in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) fry.

Fish meal (FM) replacement is essential for the sustainable expansion of aquaculture. This study focussed on the feasibility of replacing FM with a single-cell protein (SCP) derived from methanotrophic bacteria (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) in barramundi fry (Lates calcarifer). Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with 0%, 6.

Comparing the standardized amino acid digestibility of an alternative protein source with commercially available protein-based ingredients using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay.

Using single-cell-based proteins in pet foods is of interest, but little testing has been done. Therefore, our objective was to determine the amino acid (AA) digestibilities, assess protein quality of a novel microbial protein (MP) (FeedKind), and compare it with other protein-based ingredients using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. Test ingredients included: MP, chicken meal (CM), corn gluten meal (CGM), pea protein (PP), and black soldier fly larvae.

A Natural Gas Fermentation Bacterial Meal (FeedKind) as a Functional Alternative Ingredient for Fishmeal in Diet of Largemouth Bass, .

A 10-week growth study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a natural gas fermentation bacterial meal (FeedKind, FK) as a fishmeal (FM) alternative in largemouth bass () (48.0 ± 0.03 g).

Effects of replacing fishmeal with methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) bacteria meal (FeedKind®) on growth and intestinal health status of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

A ten-week feeding trial evaluated the feasibility of methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus) bacteria meal (FeedKind®, FK) as a fishmeal substitute in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) diets. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with different inclusion levels of FK (0 (fishmeal group), 43, 86, 129, 172 and 215 g/kg) were formulated to replace 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g/kg fishmeal, respectively. The results showed that FK inclusion level could reach 129 g/kg without significantly affecting growth or feed coefficient rate (P > 0.

The Experience of a District General Hospital with a Large Outdoor Music Festival in England.

Objectives: To assess the impact of the Parklife annual music festival on the local hospital, North Manchester General.

Methods: Data was obtained retrospectively by analysis of emergency department records during the weekend of Parklife 2015.

Results: 32 patients were identified, 56% reported taking drugs.

Cross-Atlantic modification and validation of the A Tool to Assess Quality of Life in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (ATAQ-IPF-cA).

Rationale: The A Tool to Assess Quality of Life in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (ATAQ-IPF) was developed in the USA to assess health-related quality of life in patients with IPF. It is likely that some of the original ATAQ-IPF items perform differently when applied in different countries. This paper reports results of a study conducted to identify the need to refine the content of the ATAQ-IPF to minimise cross-country bias between the USA and the UK.

Epidemiology of Bonamia in the UK, 1982 to 2012.

Bonamiasis, caused by Bonamia ostreae, was confirmed in native flat oysters Ostrea edulis L. in England in 1982. Hudson & Hill (1991; Aquaculture 93:279-285) documented investigations into the initial spread of the disease in wild and cultivated stocks of native oysters in the UK.

Interlaboratory variability in screening for Bonamia ostreae, a protistan parasite of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis.

The spread of the protozoan parasite Bonamia ostreae is of major concern to the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis industry. Many studies have looked at the sensitivity of individual methods available to screen for B. ostreae, but in this study, 3 separate laboratories examined 4 methods of diagnosis currently used routinely in laboratories: heart imprints, histology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridisation (ISH).

Mikrocytids are a broadly distributed and divergent radiation of parasites in aquatic invertebrates.

Microcell parasites have independently evolved in several eukaryotic lineages and are increasingly recognized as important and emerging pathogens of diverse hosts, including species of economic importance subject to international legislation concerning the trading of aquatic animals [1-3]. The microcell Mikrocytos mackini causes Denman Island disease of oysters and represents one of the most genetically divergent eukaryotes known. Mikrocytos has remained an isolated lineage with a limited distribution.

Detection of Bonamia exitiosa (Haplosporidia) in European flat oysters Ostrea edulis cultivated in mainland Britain.

Following a reported mortality event of European flat oysters Ostrea edulis in southwestern England in December 2010, a sample of 30 oysters was examined using histology and molecular techniques. Histological examination of the oysters revealed the presence of microcell stages in the haemocytes and connective tissues of 3 out of the 30 animals examined. One animal showing marked haemocyte infiltration of the connective tissues was considered to be infected with Bonamia ostreae based on the presence of small uninucleate microcells measuring approximately 1 to 1.

The magnitude of global marine species diversity.

Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered.

Results: There are ∼226,000 eukaryotic marine species described.

Virus-like particles associated with mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in England.

Mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) were reported in southern England (Kent and Poole Harbour) during late spring of 2008. In response to these reported mortalities, samples were collected from 5 sites across the south coast of England. Clams were sampled for both histology and electron microscopy.

Zoonotic disease pathogens in fish used for pedicure.

“Doctor” fish might not be such good doctors after all. These fish are used for the increasingly popular spa treatment called fish pedicures. During these sessions, spa patrons immerse their feet in water, allowing the live fish to feed on dead skin, mainly for cosmetic reasons.

Histopathological survey of pathogens and commensals of white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) in England and Wales.

A histopathological survey of white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) from six rivers in England and Wales was conducted between November 2007 and September 2011. A. pallipes bacilliform virus (ApBV) was present in four samples; infected crayfish showed pathological responses ranging from mild hypertrophy of infected nuclei and emargination of chromatin through to loss of architecture of the hepatopancreatic cells.

Parasites and pathogens of the endosymbiotic pea crab (Pinnotheres pisum) from blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in England.

A histopathological survey of the commensal pea crab (Pinnotheres pisum) from the mantle cavities of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) has been conducted. A total of 266 pea crabs from eight sites around the English coastline were examined. Of these, 82 were negative for any visible infections by histology.

The effect of octopaminergic compounds on the behaviour and transmission of Gyrodactylus.

Background: The high transmission potential of species belonging to the monogenean parasite genus Gyrodactylus, coupled with their high fecundity, allows them to rapidly colonise new hosts and to increase in number. One gyrodactylid, Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957, has been responsible for devastation of Altantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations in a number of Norwegian rivers.

Diseases of crayfish: a review.

A systematic review of parasites, pathogens and commensals of freshwater crayfish has been conducted. All major groups of disease causing agents have been covered including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protistans and metazoans. Most agents tend to cause limited problems for crayfish.

Dyspnea-12 is a valid and reliable measure of breathlessness in patients with interstitial lung disease.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Dyspnea-12 questionnaire (D-12) for the assessment of breathlessness in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods: A total of 101 patients with ILD completed the D-12 (scale range, 0-36, with a high score indicating worse dyspnea), Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at baseline, and 84 patients completed the D-12 and a global health transition score at follow-up 2 weeks later.

Multi-centre testing and validation of current protocols for the identification of Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea).

Despite routine screening requirements for the notifiable fish pathogen Gyrodactylus salaris, no standard operating procedure exists for its rapid identification and discrimination from other species of Gyrodactylus. This study assessed screening and identification efficiencies under real-world conditions for the most commonly employed identification methodologies: visual, morphometric and molecular analyses. Obtained data were used to design a best-practice processing and decision-making protocol allowing rapid specimen throughput and maximal classification accuracy.

Paramarteilia canceri sp. n. (Cercozoa) in the European edible crab (Cancer pagurus) with a proposal for the revision of the order Paramyxida Chatton, 1911.

A new species, Paramarteilia canceri sp. n., is described using light and electron microscopy from the edible crab Cancer pagurus L.

The British river of the future: how climate change and human activity might affect two contrasting river ecosystems in England.

The possible effects of changing climate on a southern and a north-eastern English river (the Thames and the Yorkshire Ouse, respectively) were examined in relation to water and ecological quality throughout the food web. The CLASSIC hydrological model, driven by output from the Hadley Centre climate model (HadCM3), based on IPCC low and high CO(2) emission scenarios for 2080 were used as the basis for the analysis. Compared to current conditions, the CLASSIC model predicted lower flows for both rivers, in all seasons except winter.

Laser-assisted microdissection: a new tool for aquatic molecular parasitology.

Laser-assisted microdissection (LMD) has been developed to isolate distinct cell populations from heterogeneous tissue sections, cytological preparations, or live cell samples. Downstream applications typically include gene expression studies using real-time PCR and array platforms, diagnostic PCR, and protein expression studies. LMD techniques are now commonplace in mainstream biological research and clearly have suitable applications in the field of aquatic pathology and parasitology.

Anisakis simplex sensu lato associated with red vent syndrome in wild adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in England and Wales.

Wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with swollen and/or bleeding vents (red vent syndrome) have been observed in rivers across England and Wales. Low numbers of salmon with this condition have previously been recorded, but reports have increased in 2006 and 2007. Affected and non-affected salmon were sampled from fish traps and their vent pathology was examined.

An assessment of the variation in the prevalence of renal myxosporidiosis and hepatitis in wild brown trout, Salmo trutta L., within and between rivers in South-West England.

The prevalence of renal myxosporidiosis in wild brown trout, Salmo trutta, in seven river catchments in South-West England was investigated. Three hundred and twenty-seven fish were sampled from 16 sites, of which 54 (16.5%) were found, by histological examination of the kidney, to be infected with Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease.

Enterospora canceri n. gen., n. sp., intranuclear within the hepatopancreatocytes of the European edible crab Cancer pagurus.

Only 1 genus (Nucleospora) within 1 family (Enterocytozoonidae) of the Microsporidia contains species that are parasitic within the nuclei of their host cells; to date, all described intranuclear Nucleospora spp. parasitise fish. This study describes the first intranuclear microsporidian parasite of an invertebrate, the European edible crab Cancer pagurus L.