A Comprehensive Review of Multifunctional Proppants.

Hydraulic fracturing technology is a crucial method for enhancing the production and recovery rates of unconventional oil and gas wells. In this process, proppants, as key materials, directly influence the effectiveness of the fracturing operation, thus attracting widespread attention. With the continuous development of hydraulic fracturing technology, researchers have designed and prepared a series of multifunctional proppants, such as surface-modified proppants, self-suspending proppants, and slow-release proppants, to effectively address issues like water production, sand production, and scaling in reservoirs.

Preparation and Properties of Lightweight Amphiphobic Proppant for Hydraulic Fracturing.

The wettability of the proppant is crucial in optimizing the flowback of fracturing fluids and improving the recovery of the produced hydrocarbons. Neutral wet proppants have been proven to improve the fluid flow by reducing the interaction between the fluid and the proppant surface. In this study, a lightweight amphiphobic proppant (LWAP) was prepared by coating a lightweight ceramic proppant (LWCP) with phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and trimethoxy(1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl)silane (TMHFS) using a layer-by-layer method.