An exploration of safe and efficient nucleus fragmentation strategies for femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in short axial length patients.

Purepose: The intraoperative femtosecond laser time, Cumulative Dissipated Energy (CDE), Effective Phacoemulsification time (EPT), and intraoperative fluid perfusion volume were compared under different model fragmentation modes using Catalys femtosecond laser system.

Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study. A total of 120 eyes who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in Xiamen Eye Center affiliated to Xiamen University from September 2022 to March 2023 were randomly divided into 4 groups to undergo pre-nucleus splitting in different ways: Group 1: six-split, Group 2: eight-split, Group 3: six-split + gridded softening, and Group 4: eight-split + gridded softening.

Postoperative dry eye following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery: insights and preventive strategies.

Postoperative dry eye is a common complication following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, and the patient interface (PI) used during the procedure may play a significant role in its occurrence. This study, utilizing a meticulous scientific search strategy, identified seven relevant articles through literature search engines. Most of these studies employed contact-type PI during surgeries, while one researcher used a non-contact PI.

Study on Prestressed Concrete Beams Strengthened with External Unbonded CFRP Tendons.

This study builds a refined finite element (FE) model to research the flexural behavior of a reinforced beam with prestressed CFRP tendons. The precision of the FE model is validated through a comparison with the experimental outcomes. The numerical findings align well with the experimental outcomes, encompassing the failure mode, load-deflection curve, load-strain curves of concrete, steel reinforcements and CFRP tendons.

A study exploring the causal relationship between glaucoma and anxiety disorders.

Background: Glaucoma, a leading cause of global blindness, is characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Previous studies have suggested a potential association between glaucoma and anxiety disorders. However, the causal relationship between these two conditions remains unclear.

Mendelian randomization analysis reveals a causal relationship between preterm birth and myopia risk.

Background: Preterm birth has been associated with an increased risk of myopia, but the causal relationship between these two factors remains unclear. Traditional epidemiological studies are limited by confounding factors and reverse causality. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, utilizing genetic variants as instrumental variables, provides a robust approach to investigate causal relationships.

Dependence of a Hydrogen Buffer Layer on the Properties of Top-Gate IGZO TFT.

In this paper, the effect of a buffer layer created using different hydrogen-containing ratios of reactive gas on the electrical properties of a top-gate In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistor was thoroughly investigated. The interface roughness between the buffer layer and active layer was characterized using atomic force microscopy and X-ray reflection. The results obtained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that the hydrogen content of the buffer layer increases with the increase in the hydrogen content of the reaction gas.

25-Hydroxycholesterol regulates lysosome AMP kinase activation and metabolic reprogramming to educate immunosuppressive macrophages.

Macrophages are critical to turn noninflamed "cold tumors" into inflamed "hot tumors". Emerging evidence indicates abnormal cholesterol metabolites in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with unclear function. Here, we uncovered the inducible expression of cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) by interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) via the transcription factor STAT6, causing 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) accumulation.

An improved medium for in vitro studies of female reproduction and oviposition in Schistosoma japonicum.

Background: Schistosomiasis is a disease primarily caused by eggs laid by pathogens called schistosomes. Among the schistosome species infecting humans, Schistosoma japonicum possesses the largest fecundity; each adult female produces an average of 3500 eggs per day. The lack of proper culture conditions supporting continuous oviposition in vitro has precluded detailed investigation of mechanisms regulating sexual maturation and egg production in Schistosoma japonicum.

Insulin receptor participates in the peripheral olfactory processes of honey bees (Apis cerana cerana).

Insulin receptors (InR) are an integral component of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway, which plays a vital role in insect development, lifespan, reproduction, and olfactory sensitivity. However, whether InR participate in the peripheral olfactory system of insects remains unclear. Recently, we found that 2-heptanone (2-HT) affects AcerInR expression, the gene for an InR protein, in Apis cerana cerana.

Research Progress of Vertical Channel Thin Film Transistor Device.

Thin film transistors (TFTs) as the core devices for displays, are widely used in various fields including ultra-high-resolution displays, flexible displays, wearable electronic skins and memory devices, especially in terms of sensors. TFTs have now started to move towards miniaturization. Similarly to MOSFETs problem, traditional planar structure TFTs have difficulty in reducing the channel's length sub-1μm under the existing photolithography technology.

The Oxysterol Receptor EBI2 Links Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Limit IFN Response and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with abnormal activation of the immune system. Recent attention is increasing about how aberrant lipid and cholesterol metabolism is linked together with type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling in the regulation of the pathogenesis of SLE. Here, a metabonomic analysis is performed and increased plasma concentrations of oxysterols, especially 7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α, 25-OHC), are identified in SLE patients.

Comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic alterations in response to heat stress during seed germination and seedling growth of Arabidopsis.

Temperature affects seed germination and seedling growth, which is a critical and complex stage in plant life cycle. However, comprehensive metabolic basis on temperature implicating seed germination and seedling growth remains less known. Here, we applied the high-throughput untargeted metabolomic and advanced shotgun lipidomic approaches to profile the Arabidopsis 182 metabolites and 149 lipids under moderate (22°C, 28°C) and extreme high (34°C, 40°C) temperatures.

Effectiveness of Internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD-NET) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD-NET) in the Swedish public health system using the RE-AIM implementation framework.

Objectives: Therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is an efficacious treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), but it is unclear if the results obtained in controlled trials can be reproduced in clinical settings. We evaluated the implementation of ICBT for OCD (OCD-NET) and BDD (BDD-NET) in the Swedish public health system.

Methods: Consecutive referrals to an outpatient psychiatric clinic providing ICBT, with a primary diagnosis of OCD or BDD, were included in the study.

Empirically Defining Treatment Response and Remission in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised.

In clinical trials of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), clinical outcomes are generally measured using lengthy clinician-administered interviews. However, in routine clinical practice, many clinicians lack the time to administer such instruments. This study evaluated cutoffs for treatment response and remission in OCD using the self-rated Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R).

Facile preparation of a metal-phenolic network-based lymph node targeting nanovaccine for antitumor immunotherapy.

Cancer vaccines are being explored for enhanced cancer immunotherapy and prophylaxis. Some of their prevailing weaknesses, however, such as complicated preparation, poor biocompatibility, and failure to elicit strong cellular immune responses, have limited their further clinical applications. Here, we reported a multifunctional nanovaccine that was prepared in a quick and simple way.

Broadband saturable absorption of indium tin oxide nanocrystals toward mid-infrared regime.

We experimentally demonstrate the ultrabroadband optical nonlinearity of indium tin oxide nanocrystals (ITO NCs) in the mid-infrared regime. Especially, the ITO NCs show considerable saturation absorption behavior with large modulation depth covering the spectral range from 2-µm to 10-µm wavelength. We also demonstrate the application of the optical nonlinearity to successfully modulate the erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser to deliver a nanosecond pulse with a signal-to-noise ratio over 43 dB at 2.

A Simple Doping Process Achieved by Modifying the Passivation Layer for Self-Aligned Top-Gate In-Ga-Zn-O Thin-Film Transistors at 200 °C.

In this paper, a facile modifying technique of source/drain regions conductivity was proposed for self-aligned top-gate In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) by controlling the process parameter of the passivation layer at relatively low temperatures. The sheet resistance of the source and drain regions of IGZO was approximately 365 Ω/□, and there was no significant change within a month. The device parameters of mobility, threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, and current switching ratio of the fabricated device were 15.

Achievements and Perspectives on Fe-Based Shape Memory Alloys for Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Bridges: An Overview.

Reinforced concrete (RC) bridges often face great demands of strengthening or repair during their service life. Fe-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs) as a kind of low-cost smart materials have great potential to enhance civil engineering structures. The stable shape memory effect of Fe-SMAs is generated by, taking Fe-Mn-Si alloys as an example, the martensite transformation of fcc(γ) → hcp(ε) and its reverse transformation which produces considerable recovery stress (400~500 MPa) that can be used as prestress for reinforcement of RC bridges.

Visible optical nonlinearity of vanadium dioxide dispersions.

Vanadium dioxide (VO), a correlated oxide compound, is one of the functional materials extensively studied in solid state physics due to its attractive physical properties. However, the nonlinear optical response of VO and related all-optical applications have been paid less attention. Here, the nonlinear refractive index ( ) and third-order nonlinear susceptibility ( ) of VO dispersions have been acquired to be 3.

Inhibiting 3βHSD1 to eliminate the oncogenic effects of progesterone in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer continuously progresses following deprivation of circulating androgens originating from the testis and adrenal glands, indicating the existence of oncometabolites beyond androgens. In this study, mass-spectrometry-based screening of clinical specimens and a retrospective analysis on the clinical data of prostate cancer patients indicate the potential oncogenic effects of progesterone in patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical androgen receptor (AR) target genes.

Broadband nonlinear optical modulator enabled by VO/VO core-shell heterostructures.

Broadband pulsed lasers have become an indispensable part in optical communications, biomedical engineering, materials processing, and national defense. Inspired by the broadband and ultrafast optical components, great efforts from the laser and material community have been paid to explore the emerging nonlinear optical materials. Here, we found that the VO/VO core-shell heterostructures with type-II staggered band alignment exhibit broadband nonlinear optical response towards mid-infrared spectral range.

CO-Low Interfacial Tension Viscoelastic Fluid Synergistic Flooding in Tight Reservoirs.

Tight oil reservoirs have poor physical properties, insufficient formation energy, and low natural productivity. CO flooding is an important technical mean that enhances the oil recovery of dense reservoirs and achieves effective CO sequestration, but strong heterogeneity of the tight oil reservoir usually results in gas channeling and poor enhanced oil recovery effect. The existing methods to prevent gas channeling are mainly to use the small-molecule amine system and the polymer gel system to plug fracture and high permeability channels.

Empirically Defining Treatment Response and Remission in Body Dysmorphic Disorder Using a Short Self-Report Instrument.

Determining response or remission status in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) usually requires a lengthy interview with a trained clinician. This study sought to establish empirically derived cutoffs to define treatment response and remission in BDD using a brief self-report instrument, the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI). Results from three clinical trials of BDD were pooled to create a sample of 123 individuals who had received cognitive-behavioral therapy for BDD, delivered via the Internet.

Immunodominance of Epitopes and Protective Efficacy of HI Antigen Are Differentially Altered Using Different Adjuvants in a Mouse Model of Bacteremia.

HI, a fusion protein that consists of the alpha-toxin (Hla) and the N2 domain of iron surface determinant B (IsdB), is one of the antigens in the previously reported vaccine rFSAV and has already entered phase II clinical trials. Previous studies revealed that HI is highly immunogenic in both mice and healthy volunteers, and the humoral immune response plays key roles in HI-mediated protection. In this study, we further investigated the protective efficacy of immunization with HI plus four different adjuvants in a mouse bacteremia model.

Pollen-Shaped Hierarchical Structure for Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity in an Ultrabroad Linear Response Range.

High sensitivity and linear response over a wide sensing range are important in flexible pressure sensors for their practical applications in biomimetic electronics and human-machine interactions. Previous studies regarding flexible pressure sensors have primarily focused on their high sensitivity, whereas they generally exhibit a narrow linear sensing range. In this article, a hierarchical structure with conical secondary features is reported, and its role in enhancing the linear sensing range of piezoresistive pressure sensors is demonstrated.