Qualitative and Quantitative Assessments of Apple Quality Using Vis Spectroscopy Combined with Improved Particle-Swarm-Optimized Neural Networks.

Exploring a cost-effective and high-accuracy optical detection method is of great significance in promoting fruit quality evaluation and grading sales. Apples are one of the most widely economic fruits, and a qualitative and quantitative assessment of apple quality based on soluble solid content (SSC) was investigated via visible (Vis) spectroscopy in this study. Six pretreatment methods and principal component analysis (PCA) were utilized to enhance the collected spectra.

The Oral Pretreatment of Glycyrrhizin Prevents Surgery-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Aged Mice by Reducing Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's-Related Pathology via HMGB1 Inhibition.

Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's-related pathology play essential roles in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is well known as a pivotal mediator in neuroinflammation, and its associations with Alzheimer's-related pathology and POCD have been also revealed. Glycyrrhizin is a nature inhibitor of HMGB1 and is reported with neuroprotective effects through oral administration.