Generic Workflow of a Highly Effective and Easy Anther Culture Method for Both Japonica and Indica Rice.

As one of the most important staple crops in the world, rice plays a pivotal role in world food security. The creation of doubled haploids based on anther culture is an important technology for rice breeding. However, at present, rice anther culture technology still faces many problems, such as genotype dependency, especially genotypes of indica rice.

Genetic Diversity and Genome-Wide Association Analysis of the Hulled/Naked Trait in a Barley Collection from Shanghai Agricultural Gene Bank.

Barley is one of the most important cereal crops in the world, and its value as a food is constantly being revealed, so the research into and the use of barley germplasm are very important for global food security. Although a large number of barley germplasm samples have been collected globally, their specific genetic compositions are not well understood, and in many cases their origins are even disputed. In this study, 183 barley germplasm samples from the Shanghai Agricultural Gene Bank were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology, SNPs were identified and their genetic parameters were estimated, principal component analysis (PCA) was preformed, and the phylogenetic tree and population structure of the samples were also analyzed.

Salvianolate ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in high-glucose induced HK-2 cells by blocking TGF-β/Smad signal pathway.

The objective of this research is to assess how salvianolate impacts inflammation and oxidative stress in a laboratory setting, as well as to investigate the underlying mechanisms. HK-2 cells were subjected to different treatments, including normal glucose, mannitol, high glucose and high glucose plus salvianolate. Cell proliferation, death, MDA levels, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 concentrations, ROS levels, MMP, MPTP and ATP levels were assessed using various kits.

Advances in Identifying the Mechanisms by Which Microorganisms Improve Barley Salt Tolerance.

As the global human population continues to increase, the use of saline-alkali land for food production is an important consideration for food security. In addition to breeding or cultivating salt-tolerant crop varieties, microorganisms are increasingly being evaluated for their ability to improve plant salt tolerance. Barley is one of the most important and salt-tolerant cereal crops and is a model system for investigating the roles of microorganisms in improving plant salt tolerance.

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Importance of Lipid Metabolism and Photosynthesis Regulation in High Salinity Tolerance in Barley ( L.) Leaves Derived from Mutagenesis Combined with Microspore Culture.

Barley is the most salt-tolerant cereal crop. However, little attention has been paid to the salt-tolerant doubled haploids of barley derived from mutagenesis combined with isolated microspore culture. In the present study, barley doubled haploid (DH) line 20, which was produced by mutagenesis combined with isolated microspore culture, showed stably and heritably better salt tolerance than the wild type H30 in terms of fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, K/Na ratio and photosynthetic characteristics.

Effect of SGLT-2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, on left ventricular remodeling in patients with type 2 diabetes and HFrEF.

The current study evaluated the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, on left ventricular remodeling in patients with type 2 diabetes and HFrEF. 60 patients were randomized (1:1) to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily, or placebo double blind for 1 year. Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and doppler evaluation prior to dapagliflozin initiation and at 1 year.

Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals the effect of cold stress on rice microspores.

Background: Microspore culture is one of the important biotechnological tools in plant breeding. The induction of microspore embryogenesis is a critical factor that affects the yield of microspore-derived embryo productions. Cold treatment has been reported to reprogram the gametophytic pathway in various plant species.

Barley Grass Juice Attenuates Hydrodynamic Transfection-Induced HCC Initiation in Mice.

Barley ( L.) grass has been recognized as a functional food with a wide spectrum of health-promoting properties. Supplementation with barley grass has the potential to prevent chronic diseases, such as cancer.

Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in seedlings of upland rice landrace 17SM-19.

Salt stress is a major abiotic stress that threatens global rice production. It is particularly important to improve salt tolerance in upland rice because of its growth environment. Upland rice landrace 17SM-19 with high salt tolerance was obtained from a previous study.

D-dimer as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between D-dimer and cardiovascular diseases outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study which was performed in a population who had health examinations between 2010 and 2015 in Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital. All adult patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were screened.

Effect of SGLT-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, on blood pressure reduction in Chinese elderly hypertension patients with type 2 diabetes and its possible mechanisms.

The current study evaluated the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, on blood pressure reduction in Chinese elderly hypertension patients with type 2 diabetes and investigated its possible mechanisms. 124 patients were randomized to receive 25 mg empagliflozin QD, or placebo double blind for 12 weeks. Patients underwent 24-h ABPM.

Dapagliflozin, metformin, monotherapy or both in patients with metabolic syndrome.

The present study evaluated the effects of dapagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, or dapagliflozin plus metformin versus metformin monotherapy in patients with metabolic syndrome. This study included patients who admitted in Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 and were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. A total of 248 participants were randomly assigned to divide into three groups: dapagliflozin group; metformin group; dapagliflozin in combined with metformin group.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals compatible and recalcitrant genotypic response of barley microspore-derived embryogenic callus toward Agrobacterium infection.

Background: The Agrobacterium mediated transformation has been routinely used in lots of plant species as a powerful tool to deliver genes of interest into a host plant. However, the transformation of elite and commercially valuable cultivar is still limited by the genotype-dependency, and the efficiency of Agrobacterium infection efficiency is crucial for the success of transformation.

Results: In this study, the microspore-derived embryogenic calli (MDEC) of barley elite cultivars and breeding lines were employed as unique subjects to characterize the genotypic response during Agrobacterium infection process.

Genome-wide identification of sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase (SnRK) genes in barley and RNA-seq analyses of their expression in response to abscisic acid treatment.

Background: Sucrose nonfermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinases (SnRKs) play important roles in regulating metabolism and stress responses in plants, providing a conduit for crosstalk between metabolic and stress signalling, in some cases involving the stress hormone, abscisic acid (ABA). The burgeoning and divergence of the plant gene family has led to the evolution of three subfamilies, SnRK1, SnRK2 and SnRK3, of which SnRK2 and SnRK3 are unique to plants. Therefore, the study of SnRKs in crops may lead to the development of strategies for breeding crop varieties that are more resilient under stress conditions.

Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes and Functional Pathways Controlling the Response of Two Contrasting Barley Varieties to Powdery Mildew Infection.

Powdery mildew caused by f. sp. () is one of the most serious diseases in barley.

Genome-wide identification of oil biosynthesis-related long non-coding RNAs in allopolyploid Brassica napus.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 bp that do not encode proteins but nonetheless have been shown to play important roles in various biological processes in plants. Brassica napus is an important seed oil crop worldwide and the target of many genetic improvement activities. To understand better the function of lncRNAs in regulating plant metabolic activities, we carried out a genome-wide lncRNA identification of lncRNAs in Brassica napus with a focus on lncRNAs involved in lipid metabolism.

Expression Analysis of Nitrogen Metabolism-Related Genes Reveals Differences in Adaptation to Low-Nitrogen Stress between Two Different Barley Cultivars at Seedling Stage.

The excess use of nitrogen fertilizers causes many problems, including higher costs of crop production, lower nitrogen use efficiency, and environmental damage. Crop breeding for low-nitrogen tolerance, especially molecular breeding, has become the major route to solving these issues. Therefore, in crops such as barley ( L.

Effect of high night temperature on storage lipids and transcriptome changes in developing seeds of oilseed rape.

Global warming causes a faster increase of night temperature than of day temperature in tropical and subtropical zones. Little is known about the effect of high night temperature on storage lipids and transcriptome changes in oilseed rape. This study compared the total fatty acids and fatty acid compositions in seeds of two oilseed rape cultivars between high and low night temperatures.

Allelic Variation of BnaC.TT2.a and Its Association with Seed Coat Color and Fatty Acids in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).

Efficient molecular markers for the selection of rapeseed genetic materials with high seed oil content and ideal fatty acid (FA) composition are preferred by rapeseed breeders. Recently, we reported the molecular mechanism of TRANSPARENT TESTA 2 (TT2) in inhibiting seed FA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. However, evidence showing the association of rapeseed TT2 homologs and seed FA production are still insufficient.

Adenosine A2A Receptors Mediate Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Electroacupuncture on Synovitis in Mice with Collagen-Induced Arthritis.

To study the role of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on synovitis in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), C57BL/6 mice were divided into five treatment groups: Sham-control, CIA-control, CIA-EA, CIA-SCH58261 (A2AR antagonist), and CIA-EA-SCH58261. All mice except those in the Sham-control group were immunized with collagen II for arthritis induction. EA treatment was administered using the stomach 36 and spleen 6 points, and stimulated with a continuous rectangular wave for 30 min daily.

TRANSPARENT TESTA8 Inhibits Seed Fatty Acid Accumulation by Targeting Several Seed Development Regulators in Arabidopsis.

Fatty acids (FAs) and FA-derived complex lipids play important roles in plant growth and vegetative development and are a class of prominent metabolites stored in mature seeds. The factors and regulatory networks that control FA accumulation in plant seeds remain largely unknown. The role of TRANSPARENT TESTA8 (TT8) in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and the formation of seed coat color is extensively studied; however, its function in affecting seed FA biosynthesis is poorly understood.

Removal of DELLA repression promotes leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.

Leaf senescence is an integrated response of leaf cells to developmental age and various internal and environmental signals. However, the role of gibberellins (GA) in leaf senescence is not clear. In the current study, we investigated the effect of DELLA on leaf senescence.

TRANSPARENT TESTA2 regulates embryonic fatty acid biosynthesis by targeting FUSCA3 during the early developmental stage of Arabidopsis seeds.

TRANSPARENT TESTA2 (TT2) regulates the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat of Arabidopsis. We recently found that TT2 also participates in inhibition of fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis in the seed embryo. However, the mechanism by which TT2 suppresses the accumulation of seed FA remains unclear.

One-pot lipase-catalyzed aldol reaction combination of in situ formed acetaldehyde.

A facile tandem route to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes was developed by combining the two catalytic activities of the same enzyme in a one-pot strategy for the aldol reaction and in situ generation of acetaldehyde. Lipase from Mucor miehei was found to have conventional and promiscuous catalytic activities for the hydrolysis of vinyl acetate and aldol condensation with in situ formed acetaldehyde. The first reaction continuously provided material for the second reaction, which effectively reduced the volatilization loss, oxidation, and polymerization of acetaldehyde, as well as avoided a negative effect on the enzyme of excessive amounts of acetaldehyde.