Predicting mortality in hospitalized influenza patients: integration of deep learning-based chest X-ray severity score (FluDeep-XR) and clinical variables.

Objectives: To pioneer the first artificial intelligence system integrating radiological and objective clinical data, simulating the clinical reasoning process, for the early prediction of high-risk influenza patients.

Materials And Methods: Our system was developed using a cohort from National Taiwan University Hospital in Taiwan, with external validation data from ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda in Italy. Convolutional neural networks pretrained on ImageNet were regressively trained using a 5-point scale to develop the influenza chest X-ray (CXR) severity scoring model, FluDeep-XR.

The COVID-19 Resource Centre: an invaluable tool for primary care.

Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ontario-based Centre for Effective Practice (CEP) established the COVID-19 Resource Centre (CRC) in March 2020. This platform rapidly became a critical source of clinical and practice guidance for primary care providers, highlighting the importance of effective information synthesis during public health emergencies.

Description: The article discusses the development of the CRC, emphasizing the application of librarianship principles in navigating the challenges posed by the pandemic's information overload and the scarcity of evidence.

Lentisk () Oil Nanoemulsions Loaded with Levofloxacin: Phytochemical Profiles and Antibiofilm Activity against spp.

Most clinical isolates of both and show the capacity to adhere to abiotic surfaces and to develop biofilms resulting in a contribution to chronic human skin infections. Antibiotic resistance and poor biofilm penetration are the main causes of ineffective therapeutic treatment in killing bacteria within biofilms. A possible strategy could be represented by drug delivery systems, such as nanoemulsions (composed of bioactive oil, surfactant and water phase), which are useful for enhancing the drug permeation of a loaded drug inside the biofilm and its activity.

Peptides with Antimicrobial Activity in the Saliva of the Malaria Vector .

Mosquito saliva plays a crucial physiological role in both sugar and blood feeding by helping sugar digestion and exerting antihemostatic functions. During meal acquisition, mosquitoes are exposed to the internalization of external microbes. Since mosquitoes reingest significant amounts of saliva during feeding, we hypothesized that salivary antimicrobial components may participate in the protection of mouthparts, the crop, and the gut by inhibiting bacterial growth.

Gentamicin loaded niosomes against intracellular uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main etiological agent of UTIs. UPEC can persist in bladder cells protected by immunological defenses and antibiotics and intracellular behavior leads to difficulty in eradicating the infection. The aim of this paper is to design, prepare and characterize surfactant-based nanocarriers (niosomes) able to entrap antimicrobial drug and potentially to delivery and release antibiotics into UPEC-infected cells.

Atopic dermatitis-derived strains: what makes them special in the interplay with the host.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition whose pathogenesis involves genetic predisposition, epidermal barrier dysfunction, alterations in the immune responses and microbial dysbiosis. Clinical studies have shown a link between and the pathogenesis of AD, although the origins and genetic diversity of colonizing patients with AD is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to investigate if specific clones might be associated with the disease.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Isolates Recovered from the Uterus of Mares with Fertility Problems.

is the bacterial pathogen most frequently associated with mare infertility. Here, we characterized 24 strains isolated from mares which presented signs of endometritis and infertility from a genotypic and phenotypic point of view. The majority of the isolates belonged to phylogenetic group B1 (9/24, 37.

Neem Oil or Almond Oil Nanoemulsions for Vitamin E Delivery: From Structural Evaluation to in vivo Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity.

Purpose: Vitamin E (VitE) may be classified in "the first line of defense" against the formation of reactive oxygen species. Its inclusion in nanoemulsions (NEs) is a promising alternative to increase its bioavailability. The aim of this study was to compare O/W NEs including VitE based on Almond or Neem oil, showing themselves antioxidant properties.

Effect of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Niosomes on and Biofilm Formation.

Infections caused by bacterial biofilms represent a global health problem, causing considerable patient morbidity and mortality in addition to an economic burden. , and other medically relevant bacterial strains colonize clinical surfaces and medical devices via biofilm in which bacterial cells are protected from the action of the immune system, disinfectants, and antibiotics. Several approaches have been investigated to inhibit and disperse bacterial biofilms, and the use of drug delivery could represent a fascinating strategy.

Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic Strains-New Strategies for an Old Pathogen.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections worldwide. Uropathogenic (UPECs) are the main causative agent of UTIs. UPECs initially colonize the human host adhering to the bladder epithelium.

Effect of bovine lactoferrin on recurrent urinary tract infections: in vitro and in vivo evidences.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are the primary cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UPEC strains are able to invade, multiply and persisting in host cells. Therefore, UPEC strains are associated to recurrent UTIs requiring long-term antibiotic therapy.

An integrative skeletal and paleogenomic analysis of stature variation suggests relatively reduced health for early European farmers.

Human culture, biology, and health were shaped dramatically by the onset of agriculture ∼12,000 y B.P. This shift is hypothesized to have resulted in increased individual fitness and population growth as evidenced by archaeological and population genomic data alongside a decline in physiological health as inferred from skeletal remains.

Extraintestinal Pathogenic : Beta-Lactam Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance.

Multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) extra-intestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) represents one of the most frequent causes of human nosocomial and community-acquired infections, whose eradication is of major concern for clinicians. ExPECs may inhabit indefinitely as commensal the gut of humans and other animals; from the intestine, they may move to colonize other tissues, where they are responsible for a number of diseases, including recurrent and uncomplicated UTIs, sepsis and neonatal meningitis. In the pre-antibiotic era, heavy metals were largely used as chemotherapeutics and/or as antimicrobials in human and animal healthcare.

Resveratrol-Loaded Nanoemulsions: In Vitro Activity on Human T24 Bladder Cancer Cells.

The chemopreventive potential of Resveratrol (RV) against bladder cancer and its mechanism of action have been widely demonstrated. The physicochemical properties of RV, particularly its high reactivity and low solubility in aqueous phase, have been limiting factors for its bioavailability and in vivo efficacy. In order to overcome these limitations, its inclusion in drug delivery systems needs to be taken into account.

Respiratory Distress Observation Scale Italian Version: Cultural-Linguistic Validation and Psychometric Properties.

Dyspnea can be assessed using self-rating scales but, as death approaches, self-reporting becomes difficult. The validated Respiratory Distress Observation Scale measures dyspnea distress. The aim of this study was to develop the Italian version of the Respiratory Distress Observation Scale and to examine its psychometric properties.

Nanoemulsions of Essential Oil: Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity against Avian Strains.

essential oil (SEO) presents a wide range of biological activities due to its high content of active phytochemicals. In order to improve the essential oil's (EO) properties, oil in water nanoemulsions (NEs) composed of SEO and Tween-80 were prepared, characterized, and their antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties assayed against strains isolated from healthy chicken. Since surfactant and oil composition can strongly influence NE features and their application field, a ternary phase diagram was constructed and evaluated to select a suitable surfactant/oil/water ratio.

Exposure to TiO Nanoparticles Increases Infection of Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are widely used in a variety of consumer products. Cellular exposure to TiO NPs results in complex effects on cell physiology that could impact biological systems. We investigated the behavior of in intestinal epithelial cells pre-treated with either a low or high (1 and 20 µg/cm) dose of TiO NPs.

Italian Version of Cancer Dyspnea Scale: Cultural-Linguistic and Clinical Validation in Patients With Advanced Cancer Disease in Palliative Care Settings.

Context: The Cancer Dyspnea Scale (CDS) is a self-reported multidimensional tool used for the assessment of dyspnea, a subjective experience of breathing discomfort, in patients with cancer. The scale describes dyspnea using three distinct factors: physical, psychological, and discomfort at rest.

Objectives: To crossculturally validate the Italian version of CDS (CDS-IT) and examine its content validity, feasibility, internal consistency, and construct validity in patients with advanced cancer.

16S Metagenomics Reveals Dysbiosis of Nasal Core Microbiota in Children With Chronic Nasal Inflammation: Role of Adenoid Hypertrophy and Allergic Rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) are, in children, the main cause of partial or complete upper airway obstruction and reduction in airflow. However, limited data exist about the impact of the increased resistance to airflow, on the nasal microbial composition of children with AR end AH. Allergic rhinitis (AR) as well as adenoid hypertrophy (AH), represent extremely common pathologies in this population.

Escherichia coli strains of chicken and human origin: Characterization of antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance profiles, phylogenetic grouping, and presence of virulence genetic markers.

Multiple antibiotic-resistant extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains represent a serious health care problem both for poultry and humans. Recently isolates with combined resistance to both antibiotics and heavy metals have been increased worldwide, with growing concern for possible co-selection of antimicrobial resistant genes. In the present study we characterized, at a phenotypic and genetic level, 80 E.

L. Essential Oils: Chemical Profiles/Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activity and O/W NanoEmulsion Formulations.

Chemical fingerprints of four different L. essential oils (SEOs) were assayed by an untargeted metabolomics approach based on Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with either electrospray ionization or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion sources. Analysis and relative quantification of the non-polar volatile fraction were conducted by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS.

Bovine Lactoferrin Pre-Treatment Induces Intracellular Killing of AIEC LF82 and Reduces Bacteria-Induced DNA Damage in Differentiated Human Enterocytes.

LF82, a prototype of adherent-invasive (AIEC), is able to adhere to, invade, survive and replicate into intestinal epithelial cells. LF82 is able to enhance either its adhesion and invasion by up-regulating carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM-6), the main cell surface molecule for bacterial adhesion, and its intracellular survival by inducing host DNA damage, thus blocking the cellular cycle. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional cationic glycoprotein of natural immunity, exerting an anti-invasive activity against LF82 when added to Caco-2 cells at the moment of infection.

Satureja montana L. essential oil and its antimicrobial activity alone or in combination with gentamicin.

Many essential oils (EOs) are screened as potential sources of antimicrobial compounds. EOs from the genus Satureja have recognized biological properties, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to obtain a metabolite profile of commercial essential oil of S.

Virulence behavior of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains in the host model Caenorhabditis elegans.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Although a number of bacteria can cause UTIs, most cases are due to infection by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC are a genetically heterogeneous group that exhibit several virulence factors associated with colonization and persistence of bacteria in the urinary tract.