The potential risks of sono-induced nitrosation and nitration side reactions and consequent toxic nitrogenous byproducts were first investigated via sono-degradation of diphenylamine (DPhA) in this study. The kinetic models for overall DPhA degradation and the formation of nitrosation byproduct (N-nitrosodiphenylamine, NDPhA) and nitration byproducts (2-nitro-DPhA and 4-nitro-DPhA) were well established and fitted (R > 0.98).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effects of ultrasonic frequency, power intensity, temperature and sparged gas on the generation of nitrogenous by-products NO and NO have been investigated, and the new kinetics model of NO and NO generation was also explored. The results show that the highest primary generation rate of NO and NO by direct sonolysis in the cavitation bubbles (represented by k' and k', respectively) was obtained at 600 kHz and 200 kHz, respectively, in the applied ultrasonic frequency range of 200 to 800 kHz. The primary generation rate of NO (represented by k') increased with the increasing ultrasonic intensity while the primary generation rate of NO (represented by k') decreased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF