Current out of pocket care costs among HIV and hypertension co-morbid patients in urban and peri-urban Uganda.

Background: Despite improvements to the cascade of HIV care in East Africa, access to care for non-communicable disease co-morbidities like hypertension (HTN) remains a persistent problem. The integration of care for these conditions presents an opportunity to achieve efficiencies in delivery as well as decrease overall costs for patients. This study aims to build evidence on the burden of current out-of-pocket costs of care among HIV-HTN co-morbid patients.

Variations in antihypertensive medication treatment and blood pressure control among Veterans with HIV and existing hypertension.

Background: Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease among patients living with HIV (PLWH). Understanding the predictors and patterns of antihypertensive medication prescription and blood pressure (BP) control among PLWH with hypertension (HTN) is important to improve the primary prevention efforts for this high-risk population. We sought to assess important patient-level correlates (eg, race) and inter-facility variations in antihypertension medication prescriptions and BP control among Veterans living with HIV (VLWH) and HTN.

Association of Cardiologist Clinic Visits with Cardiovascular Primary Prevention Outcomes Among People with HIV from Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Groups in the Southern United States.

Background: People with HIV (PWH) are at elevated risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Underrepresented racial and ethnic groups (UREGs) with HIV in the southern U.S.

Rationale and design of a randomized controlled clinical trial of a resilience-building intervention in adults with congenital heart disease.

Background: Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are at risk for lower quality of life (QOL) and psychological health. Behavioral interventions to meet their psychosocial needs are lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of implementing the Promoting Resilience in Stress Management (PRISM) intervention in ACHD and its efficacy in increasing resilience in this population.

Preintervention Wait Time and Survival in People With Rheumatic Heart Disease in Uganda.

Background: There is an unmet surgical burden among people living with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Uganda. Nevertheless, risk factors associated with time to first intervention and preoperative mortality are poorly understood.

Methods: Individuals with RHD who met indications for valve surgery were identified using the Uganda National RHD Registry (January 2010-August 2022).

Specialty Care Referral for Underrepresented Minorities Living with HIV in the United States: Experiences, Barriers, and Facilitators.

The increased incidence of chronic diseases among people with HIV (PWH) is poised to increase the need for specialty care outside of HIV treatment settings. To reduce outcome disparities for HIV-associated comorbidities in the United States, it is critical to optimize access to and the quality of specialty care for underrepresented racial and ethnic minority (URM) individuals with HIV. We explored the experiences of URM individuals with HIV and other comorbidities in the specialty care setting during their initial and follow-up appointments.

Key Psychosocial Health Outcomes and Association With Resilience Among Patients With Adult Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) can negatively impact quality of life (QOL). Strengthening resilience may improve this and other psychosocial outcomes important for living a meaningful life.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe resilience and key psychosocial health outcomes in ACHD and evaluate the associations between resilience and these outcomes.

Chronotropic Incompetence Among People With HIV Improves With Exercise Training in the Exercise for Healthy Aging Study.

Background: People with HIV (PWH) have lower exercise capacity than peers without HIV, which may be explained by chronotropic incompetence, the inability to increase heart rate during exercise.

Methods: The Exercise for Healthy Aging Study included adults aged 50 to 75 years with and without HIV. Participants completed 12 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise, before randomization to moderate or high intensity for 12 additional weeks.

Implementation of Obesity Science Into Clinical Practice: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Obesity is a recognized public health epidemic with a prevalence that continues to increase dramatically in nearly all populations, impeding progress in reducing incidence rates of cardiovascular disease. Over the past decade, obesity science has evolved to improve knowledge of its multifactorial causes, identifying important biological causes and sociological determinants of obesity. Treatments for obesity have also continued to develop, with more evidence-based programs for lifestyle modification, new pharmacotherapies, and robust data to support bariatric surgery.

Clinical Outcomes After Acute Coronary Syndromes or Revascularization Among People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Clinical outcomes after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in people living with HIV have not been characterized in sufficient detail, and extant data have not been synthesized adequately.

Objective: To better characterize clinical outcomes and postdischarge treatment of patients living with HIV after ACS or PCIs compared with patients in an HIV-negative control group.

Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for all available longitudinal studies of patients living with HIV after ACS or PCIs from inception until August 2023.

Outcomes and care quality metrics for people living with rheumatic heart disease and atrial fibrillation in Uganda.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and is challenging to treat in lower-resourced settings in which RHD remains endemic.

Objective: We characterized demographics, treatment outcomes, and factors leading to care retention for participants with RHD and AF in Uganda.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Uganda national RHD registry between June 2009 and May 2018.

Quality of Life in Ugandan Children and Young Adults After Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease: Mixed Methods Approach.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a critical issue for patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) but has never been assessed in a low-income country. We conducted a cross-sectional mixed methods study with age-matched healthy siblings serving as controls at the Uganda Heart Institute.

Methods: One-hundred fifteen CHD pediatric and young adult patients and sibling control participants were recruited.

Nurse-Led Strategy to Improve Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Level Among People With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Despite higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, people with HIV (PWH) experience unique barriers to ASCVD prevention, such as changing models of HIV primary care.

Objective: To test whether a multicomponent nurse-led strategy would improve systolic blood pressure (SBP) and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level in a diverse population of PWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial enrolled PWH at 3 academic HIV clinics in the US from September 2019 to January 2022 and conducted follow-up for 12 months until January 2023.

Time to blood pressure control and predictors among patients receiving integrated treatment for hypertension and HIV based on an adapted WHO HEARTS implementation strategy at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda.

In this cohort study, we determined time to blood pressure (BP) control and its predictors among hypertensive PLHIV enrolled in integrated hypertension-HIV care based on the World Health Organization (WHO) HEARTS strategy at Mulago Immunosuppression Clinic in Uganda. From August 2019 to March 2020, we enrolled hypertensive PLHIV aged 18 years and initiated Amlodipine 5 mg mono-therapy for BP (140-159)/(90-99) mmHg or Amlodipine 5 mg/Valsartan 80 mg duo-therapy for BP ≥ 160/90 mmHg. Patients were followed with a treatment escalation plan until BP control, defined as BP < 140/90 mmHg.

Relationship between objectively measured physical activity and subclinical cardiovascular disease: a systematic review.

Introduction: The association of physical activity (PA) with subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear. Clarifying this relationship may inform cardiovascular prevention strategies.

Methods: We performed a systematic review (CRD42021226089) using Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane (1 January 2000 to 1 September 2023).

Digital Health Interventions for Heart Failure Management in Underserved Rural Areas of the United States: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials.

Background: Heart failure disproportionately affects individuals residing in rural areas, leading to worse health outcomes. Digital health interventions have been proposed as a promising approach for improving heart failure management. This systematic review aims to identify randomized trials of digital health interventions for individuals living in underserved rural areas with heart failure.

Advancing Cardiovascular Health Equity Globally Through Digital Technologies.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Digital health technologies are important public health interventions for addressing the burden of cardiovascular disease. In this article, we discuss the importance of translating digital innovations in research-funded projects to low-resource settings globally to advance global cardiovascular health equity.

Lifting all boats: strategies to promote equitable bidirectional research training opportunities to enhance global health reciprocal innovation.

Inequities in global health research are well documented. For example, training opportunities for US investigators to conduct research in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) have exceeded opportunities for LMIC investigators to train and conduct research in high-income countries. Reciprocal innovation addresses these inequities through collaborative research across diverse global settings.