Critical hydraulic gradient and fine particle migration of sand under upward seepage flow.

In order to study the mechanism of seepage-induced geotechnical damage and characteristics of fine particle migration in sandy soil, a one-dimensional upward seepage test device was used and a series of upward seepage flow tests of sand were conducted. In these experiments, the permeability, fine particle migration and redistribution under different hydraulic gradients were investigated. The results show that local hydraulic gradient in the sand sample is larger than the critical hydraulic gradient calculated by the Terzaghi's Equation.

Lupeol against high-glucose-induced apoptosis via enhancing the anti-oxidative stress in rabbit nucleus pulposus cells.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism and value of lupeol in inhibiting high-glucose-induced apoptosis in rabbit nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs).

Methods: NPCs were divided into four groups: control (CON), high glucose (HG), LUP, and HG + LUP. Viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and apoptosis were examined in NPCs.