Auraptene-ameliorating depressive-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice mitigate hippocampal neuroinflammation mediated by microglia.

An inflammatory response is one of the pathogeneses of depression. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of auraptene have previously been confirmed. We established an inflammatory depression model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection combined with unpredictable chronic mild stress (uCMS), aiming to explore the effects of auraptene on depressive-like behaviors in adult mice.

Dual RNA sequencing of and host cell transcriptomes reveals ontologically distinct host-pathogen interaction.

Unlabelled: is a highly successful pathogen that poses a substantial threat to human health. However, the dynamic interaction between and the human gastric epithelium has not been fully investigated. In this study, using dual RNA sequencing technology, we characterized a cytotoxin-associated gene A ()-modulated bacterial adaption strategy by enhancing the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter-related genes, and , upon coculturing with human gastric epithelial cells.

( ±)-Dibrevianamides Q1 and Q2, the key precursors of asperginulin A from a marine-derived fungus.

Two pairs of new dimeric diketopiperazine alkaloids, ( ±)-dibrevianamides Q1 and Q2 (( ±)-1 and ( ±)-2), together with seven previously reported analogues (( ±)-3, 4-6, and ( ±)-7) were obtained from a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. The structures of ( ±)-1 and ( ±)-2 were clarified using comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, the calculated ECD, and DP4 + probability methods. Speculated from the biogenesis, ( ±)-dibrevianamides Q1 and Q2 (( ±)-1 and ( ±)-2) might be the key precursor of [2 + 2] diketopiperazine dimers (( ±)-3).

Praeruptorin C alleviates cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic mice through restoring PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway.

Diabetic encephalopathy is a common consequence of diabetes mellitus that causes cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric disorders. Praeruptorin C (Pra-C) from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. is a potential antioxidant and neuroprotective agent.

Sophoridine alleviates hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behavior in an inflammatory pain mouse model induced by complete freund's adjuvant.

Chronic pain, along with comorbid psychiatric disorders, is a common problem worldwide. A growing number of studies have focused on non-opioid-based medicines, and billions of funds have been put into digging new analgesic mechanisms. Peripheral inflammation is one of the critical causes of chronic pain, and drugs with anti-inflammatory effects usually alleviate pain hypersensitivity.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the molecular features of peripheral blood immune cells in children, adults and centenarians.

Peripheral blood immune cells have different molecular characteristics at different stages of the whole lifespan. Knowledge of circulating immune cell types and states from children to centenarians remains incomplete. We profiled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of multiple age groups with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), involving the age ranges of 1-12 (G1), 20-30(G2), 30-60(G3), 60-80(G4), and >110 years (G5).

Phase-change composite filled natural nanotubes in hydrogel promote wound healing under photothermally triggered drug release.

It is of great importance to treat a bacterial-infected wound by a smart dressing capable of delivering antibiotics in a smart manner without causing drug resistance. The construction of smart release nanocontainers responsive to near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation in an on-demand and stepwise way is a promising strategy for avoiding the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, we develop a hydrogel composite made of alginate and nanotubes with an efficient NIR-triggered release of rifampicin and outstanding antibacterial ability.

Oxalierpenes A and B, Unusual Indole-Diterpenoid Derivatives with Antiviral Activity from a Marine-Derived Strain of the Fungus .

Oxalierpenes A and B ( and ), two unusual indole-diterpenoid derivatives, were obtained from the marine-derived fungus . The absolute configurations of and were elucidated by calculated TDDFT ECD and DP4plus methods. Oxalierpene A () represents the first indole-diterpenoid derivative with a five-membered ring of 4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-3-one as a side chain.

The Protective Role of E-64d in Hippocampal Excitotoxic Neuronal Injury Induced by Glutamate in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells.

Epilepsy is the most common childhood neurologic disorder. Status epilepticus (SE), which refers to continuous epileptic seizures, occurs more frequently in children than in adults, and approximately 40-50% of all cases occur in children under 2 years of age. Conventional antiepileptic drugs currently used in clinical practice have a number of adverse side effects.

Cytochalasans and azaphilones: suitable chemotaxonomic markers for the Chaetomium species.

The accurate taxonomic concept of the fungal Chaetomium species has been a hard work due to morphological similarity. Chemotaxonomy based on secondary metabolites is a powerful tool for taxonomical purposes, which could be used as an auxiliary reference to solve the problems encountered in the classification of Chaetomium. Among secondary metabolites produced by Chaetomium, cytochalasans and azaphilones exhibited a pattern of distribution and frequency of occurrence that establish them as chemotaxonomic markers for the Chaetomium species.

Pra-C exerts analgesic effect through inhibiting microglial activation in anterior cingulate cortex in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mouse model.

Chronic pain is highly prevalent worldwide and severely affects daily lives of patients and family members. Praeruptorin C (Pra-C) is a main active ingredient derived from Dunn, traditionally used as antibechic, anti-bronchitis and anti-hypertension drug. Here, we evaluated the effects of Pra-C in a chronic inflammatory pain mouse model induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection.

Post-treatment with glycyrrhizin can attenuate hepatic mitochondrial damage induced by acetaminophen in mice.

Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is responsible for the most cases of acute liver failure worldwide. Hepatic mitochondrial damage mediated by neuronal nitric oxide synthase- (nNOS) induced liver protein tyrosine nitration plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of APAP hepatotoxicity. It has been reported that pre-treatment or co-treatment with glycyrrhizin can protect against hepatotoxicity through prevention of hepatocellular apoptosis.

Rubinoboletus ballouii polysaccharides exhibited immunostimulatory activities through toll-like receptor-4 via NF-κB pathway.

The biological activities of water-soluble components of edible mushroom Rubinoboletus ballouii (RB) were seldom reported. Polysaccharides of RB (RBP) were prepared and well-characterized using chemical analyses. The immunomodulatory properties of RBP were investigated using human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) in vitro, and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive mouse model.

Hydride Transfer Initiated Redox-Neutral Cascade Cyclizations of Aurones: Facile Access to [6,5] Spirocycles.

Reported herein is the hydride transfer initiated redox-neutral cascade cyclizations of aurones, providing a variety of [6,5] spiro-heterocycles in satisfactory yields and good diastereoselectivities.

-Alkylation-Initiated Redox-Neutral [5 + 2] Annulation of 3-Alkylindoles with -Aminobenzaldehydes: Access to Indole-1,2-Fused 1,4-Benzodiazepines.

Described herein is an unprecedented -alkylation-initiated redox-neutral [5 + 2] annulation of 3-alkylindoles with -aminobenzaldehydes via a cascade -alkylation/dehydration/[1,5]-hydride transfer/Friedel-Crafts alkylation sequence. A series of indole-1,2-fused 1,4-benzodiazepines are facilely constructed in moderate to good yields in one step. This protocol features excellent regioselectivity, metal-free conditions, high step economy, and wide substrate scope.

Redox-Neutral Cascade Dearomatization of Indoles via Hydride Transfer: Divergent Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinoline-Fused Spiroindolenines.

The redox-neutral cascade dearomatization of indoles with -aminobenzaldehydes has been realized via the hydride transfer strategy, achieving the condition- and substrate-controlled divergent synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline-fused spiroindolenines. The integration of hydride transfer-involved C(sp)-H functionalization with dearomatization provides a promising platform for the construction of structurally diverse molecules.

Centrally Administered Cortistation-14 Induces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Mice via Mediating Ghrelin and GABA Receptor Signaling Pathway.

Cortistatin-14 (CST-14), a recently discovered cyclic neuropeptide, can bind to all five cloned somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and ghrelin receptor to exert its biological activities and co-exists with GABA within the cortex and hippocampus. However, the role of CST-14 in the control of depression processes is not still clarified. Here, we tested the behavioral effects of CST-14 in the in a variety of classical rodent models of depression [forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and novelty-suppressed feeding test].

The role of Cortistatin-14 in the gastrointestinal motility in mice.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the functional roles of Cortistatin-14 (CST-14) in the gastrointestinal (GI) motility.

Methods: For in vivo study, mice were randomly divided into control, ip injected CST-14 (0.1, 0.

[Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb₁ on doxorubicin-induced myocardial autophagy].

Ginsenoside Rb₁ (Rb₁), which is one of the main ingredients derived from Panax ginseng, has been found to have extensive pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer properties. In this study, the effect of Rb₁ on doxorubicin-induced myocardial autophagy was studied with H9c2 as the study object. CCK-8 method, transmission electron microscope observation, fluorescence staining observation and Western blot were used to detect changes in H9c2 cell proliferation and autophagy after treatment.

A novel vascular-targeting peptide for gastric cancer delivers low-dose TNFα to normalize the blood vessels and improve the anti-cancer efficiency of 5-fluorouracil.

Various vascular-targeted agents fused with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) have been shown to improve drug absorption into tumor tissues and enhance tumor vascular function. TCP-1 is a peptide selected through in vivo phage library biopanning against a mouse orthotopic colorectal cancer model and is a promising agent for drug delivery. This study further investigated the targeting ability of TCP-1 phage and peptide to blood vessels in an orthotopic gastric cancer model in mice and assessed the synergistic anti-cancer effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with subnanogram TNFα targeted delivered by TCP-1 peptide.

Polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo protect gastric mucosal cell against oxidative damage-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo (DO) is a valuable Traditional Chinese Medicine to nourish stomach, in which polysaccharides are identified as active ingredients. However, limited scientific evidences have been reported on the gastroprotective efficacy of DO. The aim of the current study was to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanism of polysaccharides from DO(DOP) on gastric mucosal injury.

Vitamin D and Cancer Stem Cells in the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Vitamin D has been widely used as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of bone disorders. Epidemiological and preclinical studies demonstrated the anticancer action of vitamin D in a variety of cancers including those in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In these studies the inhibitory action of vitamin D on cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been a focus and is also an important subject to revolutionize the therapeutic potential of vitamin D on cancer treatment.

The Roles of Histone Demethylase UTX and JMJD3 (KDM6B) in Cancers: Current Progress and Future Perspectives.

Aberrant epigenetic reprogramming occurs frequently in the development of tumors. Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) exerts a repressive epigenetic mark on a large number of genes. UTX and JMJD3 are the only two histone demethylases which activate gene expression via demethylating H3K27me3 to H3K27me2 or H3K27me1.