Bafilomycin A1 mitigates subchondral bone degeneration and pain in TMJOA rats.

Background: Pain and disability are primary concerns for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) patients, and the efficacy of current treatments remains controversial. Overactive osteoclasts are associated with subchondral bone degeneration and pain in OA. The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is crucial for differentiation and function in osteoclasts, but its role in TMJOA is not well defined.

Molecular weight distribution and structure analysis of phlorotannins in Sanhai kelp (Saccharina japonica) and evaluation of their antioxidant activities.

In this paper, the structures and composition of phlorotannins with different molecular weights in juvenile and mature kelp (Saccharina japonica), as well as their relationship with antioxidant activity were comprehensively analyzed. Macroporous resin and ultrafiltration were used to obtain phlorotannins with different molecular weights. The structures of low molecular weight and high molecular weight phlorotannins in Sanhai kelp were analyzed using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS and NMR techniques, respectively.

Efficient Separation of Poplar Lignin Using a New Carboxylic Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents - Choline Chloride/Malonic Acid.

Separation of lignin by pretreatment is an important step in biomass refining. This study investigated how a novel dicarboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) - choline chloride (ChCl)/malonic acid (MA) - affected the process of separating lignin from poplar. At 140 °C for 3.

The electric regulation mechanism of drug molecules intercalating with DNA.

The insertion of small drug molecules into DNA can change its electrical properties, thereby controlling the probability of its electrical transmission. This characteristic has enabled its widespread application in molecular electronics. However, the current understanding of the intercalation properties and electronic transmission mechanisms is still not deep enough, which severely restricts its practical application.

Changes of Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons Innervating the Temporomandibular Joint in Chronic Pain Rat Model.

Phenotype alterations of nociceptive neurons have been shown to be a key step in the pathogenesis of many pain-related diseases. However, it is unclear if the characteristic changes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) primary afferent neurons are related to the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) chronic pain. This study aimed to determine the morphological and neurochemical changes in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons innervating the TMJ in TMJOA chronic pain rats.

The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the Clinical efficacy and psychological state in patients with functional dyspepsia.

Background And Aim: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect and mental state of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).

Methods: In this study, 80 patients suffering from FD in an outpatient clinic were enrolled from January to December 2020. Patients were randomly allocated into the control group (conventional treatment) and observation group (MBCT treatment).

Megahertz multi-parametric ophthalmic OCT system for whole eye imaging.

An ultrahigh-speed, wide-field OCT system for the imaging of anterior, posterior, and ocular biometers is crucial for obtaining comprehensive ocular parameters and quantifying ocular pathology size. Here, we demonstrate a multi-parametric ophthalmic OCT system with a speed of up to 1 MHz for wide-field imaging of the retina and 50 kHz for anterior chamber and ocular biometric measurement. A spectrum correction algorithm is proposed to ensure the accurate pairing of adjacent A-lines and elevate the A-scan speed from 500 kHz to 1 MHz for retinal imaging.

Mandibular Deviation With Longstanding Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation Caused by Lateral Pterygoid Muscle Hyaline Degeneration.

The present report described a rare case of mandible deviation with longstanding unilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation caused by lateral pterygoid muscle hyaline degeneration. A 28-year-old male was referred for mandible deviation for 2 years. It was found that the left condyle was dislocated just below the articular eminence with the dilated capsule in magnetic resonance imaging images.

A Novel Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Signature Predicts Patient Chemotherapy Resistance and Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Chemoresistance is a key obstacle in the long-term survival of patients with locally and advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study used bioinformatic analysis to reveal the chemoresistance of gene-neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) associated with LUAD. RNA sequencing data and LUAD expression patterns were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, respectively.

The relationship of ALPK1, hyaluronic acid and M1 macrophage polarization in the temporomandibular joint synovitis.

M1 macrophage polarization and synovitis play an important role in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Reduced molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (HA) in synovial fluid of patients with TMJOA. In addition, high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) is often used clinically to treat TMJ inflammation.

Macrophage Activation in Synovitis and Osteoarthritis of Temporomandibular Joint and Its Relationship with the Progression of Synovitis and Bone Remodeling.

This study investigates the regulatory mechanisms of synovial macrophages and their polarization in the progression of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Macrophage depletion models were established by intra-articular injection of clodronate liposomes and unloaded liposomes. TMJOA was induced by intra-articular injection of 50 μL Complete Freund's Adjuvant and the surgery of disc perforation.

Resatorvid alleviates experimental inflammatory TMJOA by restraining chondrocyte pyroptosis and synovial inflammation.

Objectives: Innate immunity plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), which is characterized by synovial inflammation and condylar cartilage degradation. We are urged to investigate the impact of Resatorvid, a preventative drug that inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), on experimental inflammatory TMJOA pathology.

Methods: An intra-articular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was used to induce an experimental inflammatory mouse TMJOA model, and TLR4 expression was identified by immunofluorescent labeling.

Synthesis, characterization and discovery of multiple anticancer mechanisms of dibutyltin complexes based on salen-like ligands.

A series of novel dibutyltin complexes based on salen-like ligands (S01-S03) were synthesized and characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectra，infrared spectra, H, C, and Sn nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, and thermogravimetric analysis. Complex S03 had excellent anticancer activity in vitro (IC = 1.5 ± 0.

Broadband transparent ultrasound transducer with polymethyl methacrylate as matching layer for photoacoustic microscopy.

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) uniquely combines optics and ultrasound, presenting a promising role in biomedical imaging as a non-invasive and label-free imaging technology. As the traditional opaque ultrasound (US) transducers could hinder the transportation of the excitation light and limit the performance of PAI system, piezoelectric transparent ultrasonic transducers (TUTs) with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes have been developed to allow light transmission through the transducer and illuminate the sample directly. Nevertheless, without having transparent matching materials with appropriate properties, the bandwidth of those TUTs was generally narrow.

Glycyrrhizin regulates antioxidation through Nrf2 signaling pathway in rat temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

Background: Regulation of redox homeostasis could reduce osteoarthritis severity and limit disease progression, while glycyrrhizin (GL) shows great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GL on oxidative stress and the potential regulatory mechanism in rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) chondrocytes under oxidative stress, and investigate the effect of GL in the rat temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) model.

Methods: Rat TMJ chondrocytes were cultured in oxidative stress with different doses of GL.

Pyroptosis of chondrocytes activated by synovial inflammation accelerates TMJ osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration via ROS/NLRP3 signaling.

Objectives: Synovial inflammation and chondrocyte death have been widely acknowledged as key contributors to the pathological progression of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA), a degenerative joint disease currently lacking definitive treatments. This study aims to understand the regulatory role of chondrocyte pyroptosis in condylar cartilage degradation during TMJ-OA.

Methods: The levels of cytokines, cartilage degeneration markers, and pyroptotic biomarkers in the synovium and synovial fluid of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients were examined.

Selective separation of hemicellulose from poplar by hydrothermal pretreatment with ferric chloride and pH buffer.

As an environmentally friendly lignocellulosic biomass separation technology, hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) has a strong application prospect. However, the low separation efficiency is a main factor limiting its application. In this study, the poplar components were separated using HP with ferric chloride and pH buffer (HFB).

High-Strength, High-Water-Retention Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogel and Its Application in Urea Slow Release.

The use of fertilizer is closely related to crop growth and environmental protection in agricultural production. It is of great significance to develop environmentally friendly and biodegradable bio-based slow-release fertilizers. In this work, porous hemicellulose-based hydrogels were created, which had excellent mechanical properties, water retention properties (the water retention ratio in soil was 93.

Potential differentiation of successive SARS-CoV-2 mutations by RNA: DNA hybrid analyses.

The constant mutation of SARS-CoV-2 has triggered a new round of public health crises and has had a huge impact on existing vaccines and diagnostic tools. It is essential to develop a new flexible method to distinguish mutations to prevent the spread of the virus. In this work, we used the combination of density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green's function formulation with decoherence, to theoretically study the effect of viral mutation on charge transport properties of viral nucleic acid molecules.

Intra-articular nanoparticles based therapies for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis management.

Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic and progressive inflammatory joint diseases that affect a large population worldwide. Intra-articular administration of various therapeutics is applied to alleviate pain, prevent further progression, and promote cartilage regeneration and bone remodeling in both OA and RA. However, the effectiveness of intra-articular injection with traditional drugs is uncertain and controversial due to issues such as rapid drug clearance and the barrier afforded by the dense structure of cartilage.

Transglutaminase 2 inhibitors attenuate osteoarthritic degeneration of TMJ-osteoarthritis by suppressing NF-κB activation.

Background: The temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is characterized by progressive cartilage degradation, subchondral bone erosion, and chronic pain, leading to articular damage and chewing dysfunction. Studies have shown that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays a critical role in the development of TMJ-OA. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been identified as a marker of chondrocyte hypertrophy and IL-1β was able to increase TG2 expression in chondrocytes.

Validation of photoacoustic/ultrasound dual imaging in evaluating blood oxygen saturation.

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) was performed to evaluate oxygen saturation (O) of blood-mimicking phantoms, femoral arteries in beagles, and radial arteries in humans at various O plateaus. The accuracy (root mean square error, RMSE) of PAI O compared with reference O was calculated. In blood-mimicking phantoms, PAI achieved an accuracy of 1.

Design and preparation of highly active TiO photocatalysts by modulating their band structure.

Titanium dioxide photocatalysts with high reduction potential and visible light response hold great promise in photochemical conversion. Here, we used a simple glycine doping method to synthesize novel N-TiO@C photocatalysts with upward shifted conduction bands and narrowed band gaps as well as inhibited recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. The N-TiO@C photocatalysts exhibited higher visible light response and remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity in the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by photomediated reduction of NAD without any electron mediator.

ALPK1 Accelerates the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis by Activating NLRP3 Signaling.

Alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1), a member of the alpha-kinase family, has been shown to be involved in mediating inflammatory responses and is strongly associated with gout; however, its modulatory role in osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. Here, we uncovered elevation of ALPK1 in degraded cartilage of destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) and collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CIOA), two different mouse OA models induced by mechanical stress or synovitis. Intraarticular administration of recombinant human ALPK1 (rhALPK1) in vivo exacerbated OA pathogenesis in both DMM and CIOA mice, whereas ALPK1 knockout reversed this process.

Charge transport properties of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2).

The B.1.617.