A Critical Review of Snail Shell Material Modification for Applications in Wastewater Treatment.

Sea material is becoming increasingly popular and widely used as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment. Snail shell, a low-cost and natural animal waste material, has been shown to have a high calcium content (>99%) and a large potential surface area for the development of sustainable adsorbents. This paper presents a novel synthesis of methods for using snail shell absorbent materials in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals, textile dyes, and other organic substances.

A Review of Soil Contaminated with Dioxins and Biodegradation Technologies: Current Status and Future Prospects.

This article provides a comprehensive assessment of dioxins contaminating the soil and evaluates the bioremediation technology currently being widely used, and also offers recommendations for future prospects. Soil pollution containing dioxins is extremely toxic and hazardous to human health and the environment. Dioxin concentrations in soils around the world are caused by a variety of sources and outcomes, but the main sources are from the consequences of war and human activities.

Quantitative HLA-class-II/factor VIII (FVIII) peptidomic variation in dendritic cells correlates with the immunogenic potential of therapeutic FVIII proteins in hemophilia A.

Background: Plasma-derived (pd) or recombinant (r) therapeutic factor VIII proteins (FVIIIs) are infused to arrest/prevent bleeding in patients with hemophilia A (PWHA). However, FVIIIs are neutralized if anti-FVIII-antibodies (inhibitors) develop. Accumulating evidence suggests that pdFVIIIs with von Willebrand factor (VWF) are less immunogenic than rFVIIIs and that distinct rFVIIIs are differentially immunogenic.

"Heavy fluorous" cyclopentadienes and cyclopentadienyl complexes with three to five ponytails: facile syntheses from polybromocyclopentadienyl complexes, phase properties, and electronic effects.

The reactions between [(eta5-C5H(5-x)Br(x))M(CO)3] (M = Re, Mn; x = 1, 3, 4, 5) and [IZn[(CH2)(n)R(f8)]] (n = 2, 3; R(f8) = (CF2)7CF3) in the presence of [Cl2PdL2] catalysts give the title complexes [[eta5-C5H(5-x)[(CH2)(n)R(f8)]x]M(CO)3]. In the case of x = 5, the major product is actually [[eta5-C5H[(CH2)(n)R(f8)]4]M(CO)3], in which one of the bromides has been substituted by hydride. Minor amounts of multiple hydride substitution products are formed, all of them readily separable on fluorous silica gel.

Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of fluorous phosphorus/carbon/phosphorus pincer ligands and metal complexes.

Reactions of the diphosphine 1,3-C6H4(CH2PH2)2 and fluorous alkenes H2C=CHR(fn)(R(fn)=(CF2)(n-1)CF3; n = 6, 8) at 75 degrees C in the presence of AIBN give the title ligands 1,3-C6H4(CH2P(CH2CH2R(fn))2)2(3-R(fn)) and byproducts 1,3-C6H4(CH3)(CH2P(CH2CH2R(fn))2)(4-R(fn)) in 1 : 3 to 1 : 5 ratios. Workups give -R(fn) in 4--17% yields. Similar results are obtained photochemically.

Convenient syntheses of "heavy fluorous" cyclopentadienes and cyclopentadienyl complexes with three to five ponytails.

Reactions of (eta5-C5H(5-x)Brx)M(CO)3(M = Re, Mn; x= 1, 3, 4, 5) and IZn(CH2)2R(f8) in the presence of Cl2PdL2 catalysts give the title complexes (eta5)-C5H(5-x)(CH2)2R(f8)x)M(CO3), accompanied in the case of x= 5 by hydride-transfer byproducts. Extremely high fluorophilicities are realized, and the cyclopentadienyl ligands are readily detached (hnu) from the manganese complexes.