A comparison between bridge-related and non-bridge crashes: severity, vehicle involvement, and motorists' characteristics.

Objectives: Bridges, though representing a small portion of transport networks by length, are still prone to traffic crashes. Despite extensive research on bridge-related crashes globally, there's a scarcity of studies exploring differences between bridge- and non-bridge-related crashes. Thus, this paper attempts to add to the current knowledge by comparing bridge-related crashes and non-bridge crashes using a case study in Victoria, Australia.

A random parameter logistic model of fatigue-related motorcycle crash involvement in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Since motorcycle taxi drivers often work long hours, fatigue would affect their riding abilities, impacting crash risks. However, there is limited understanding about motorcycle taxi drivers' fatigue-related crashes. This study investigates self-reported fatigue-related crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Polyurethane/polycaprolactone membrane grafted with conjugated linoleic acid for artificial vascular graft application.

Constructing satisfied small-diameter vascular graft (diameter less than 6 mm) remains an unsolvable challenge in vascular tissue engineering. This study described the fabrication of electrospun polyurethane/polycaprolactone (PU/PCL) membranes chemically grafted with various densities of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) - an antithrombotic fatty acid - for making small-diameter blood vessel. Differences in mechanical, antithrombotic properties and biocompatibility of the membranes resulting from the CLA-grafting procedure were the focus of the study.

Mobile phone related crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers.

In many countries, motorcycle taxis remain an important mode of travel due to their fast, flexible, and inexpensive service. The recent advent of ride-hailing services has led to dramatic growth in the fleet of motorcycle taxis and additional types of motorcycle taxi drivers. Furthermore, mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle is an emerging safety issue, particularly among ride-hailing motorcycle taxi drivers.

Macroscopic road safety impacts of public transport: A case study of Melbourne, Australia.

Mode shift from private vehicle to public transport is often considered as a potential means of improving road safety, given public transport's lower fatality rates. However, little research has examined how public transport travel contributes to road safety at a macroscopic level. Further, there is a limited understanding of the individual effects of different public transport modes.

Pedestrian overpass use and its relationships with digital and social distractions, and overpass characteristics.

Pedestrian deaths and injuries are a major health issue in both developed and developing countries. In Vietnam, pedestrians account for about 10-11% of all road traffic deaths, while their travel distance contributes to approximately 2.4% of the total distance travelled by all modes.

Mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle and crashes among university students.

Objective: Motorcycle crashes are a significant road safety challenge, particularly in many low- and middle-income countries where motorcycles represent the vast majority of their vehicle fleet. Though risky riding behaviors, such as speeding and riding under the influence of alcohol, have been identified as important contributors to motorcycle crashes, little is understood about the effect of using a mobile phone while riding on motorcycle crash involvement. This article investigates crash involvement among motorcycle riders with risky riding behaviors, particularly using a mobile phone while riding.

Correlations between mobile phone use and other risky behaviours while riding a motorcycle.

Motorcyclist safety is a major concern in many developing countries. Understanding motorcycle riders' risky behaviours, particularly among the younger population, is essential to developing effective interventions. This paper explores the correlations between mobile phone use while riding and other risky riding behaviours as well as the relationships between perceived risks and risky riding behaviours, using an online survey of university students in Vietnam.

Who's calling? Social networks and mobile phone use among motorcyclists.

Mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle poses a key safety risk, particularly among younger people who have been found to be more susceptible to distracted driving. While previous research has examined the influence of social networks on mobile phone use while driving a car, no research has explored this association in the context of motorcycle use. Using a survey of university students in Vietnam, this research explores the association between social networks and mobile phone use among motorcyclists and the links this has to reported crashes/falls.

Calling, texting, and searching for information while riding a motorcycle: A study of university students in Vietnam.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of calling, texting, and searching for information while riding a motorcycle among university students and the influences of sociodemographic characteristics, social norms, and risk perceptions on these behaviors.

Methods: Students at 2 university campuses in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, the 2 largest cities in Vietnam, were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. Data collection was conducted during March and May 2016.

Spatiotemporal and random parameter panel data models of traffic crash fatalities in Vietnam.

This paper investigates factors associated with traffic crash fatalities in 63 provinces of Vietnam during the period from 2012 to 2014. Random effect negative binomial (RENB) and random parameter negative binomial (RPNB) panel data models are adopted to consider spatial heterogeneity across provinces. In addition, a spatiotemporal model with conditional autoregressive priors (ST-CAR) is utilised to account for spatiotemporal autocorrelation in the data.

Mobile phone use among motorcyclists and electric bike riders: A case study of Hanoi, Vietnam.

Motorcyclist injuries and fatalities are a major concern of many developing countries. In Vietnam, motorcycles are involved in more than 70% of all road traffic crashes. This paper aims to explore the prevalence and factors associated with mobile phone use among motorcyclists and electric bike riders, using a case study of Hanoi, Vietnam.

Rapid detection of high-level oncogene amplifications in ultrasonic surgical aspirations of brain tumors.

Background: Genomic tumor information, such as identification of amplified oncogenes, can be used to plan treatment. The two sources of a brain tumor that are commonly available include formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections from the small diagnostic biopsy and the ultrasonic surgical aspiration that contains the bulk of the tumor. In research centers, frozen tissue of a brain tumor may also be available.

The sensory circuitry for sexual attraction in C. elegans males.

Background: Why do males and females behave differently? Sexually dimorphic behaviors could arise from sex-specific neurons or by the modification of circuits present in both sexes. C. elegans males exhibit different behaviors than hermaphrodites.

Patterns of host genome-wide gene transcript abundance in the peripheral blood of patients with acute dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Responses by peripheral blood leukocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). We used DNA microarrays to reveal transcriptional patterns in the blood of 14 adults with DHF. Acute DHF was defined by an abundance of transcripts from cell cycle- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related genes, suggesting a proliferative response accompanied by ER stress.

Nanoengineered liquid mirrors shaped by thermal fields.

We discuss a new type of deformable mirror made from nanoengineered reflective layers deposited onto liquids. The surfaces are shaped by heating with a laser. The response times of the deformed surfaces are slow (> 1 s).

Solid-phase synthesis of linear ureas tethered to hydantoins and thiohydantoins.

An efficient method for the solid-phase synthesis of hydantoins and thiohydantoins tethered to ureas, starting from a resin-bound amino acid, is presented. Following reduction of the amide with borane-THF, a second amino acid was selectively coupled to the primary amine followed by treatment of the secondary amine by an isocyanate to generate the corresponding urea. Hydantoin and thiohydantoin formation was achieved through the use of carbonyldiimidazole and thiocarbonyldiimidazole, respectively.