Serum metabolomic profiling uncovered metabolic shifts in individuals upon moderate-altitude exposure and identified the potentiality of beta-alanine to ameliorate hyperuricemia.

Background: High-altitude exposure has been associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia (HU) and gout, though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the serum metabolome and phenome in both discovery and validation cohorts of Han Chinese individuals who underwent long-term moderate-altitude exposure (∼12 months), as well as in an independent cohort consisting of local Han Chinese and Tibetans residing in Nyingchi (>5 years). Beta-Alanine intervention was applied in hypoxanthine and potassium oxonate-induced in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Irisin-mediated muscle-renal crosstalk as a protective mechanism against contrast-induced acute kidney injury via cGAS-STING signalling inhibition.

Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) continues to pose a pressing clinical challenge during invasive cardiovascular procedures due to the limited availability of preventative strategies. We aimed to demonstrate that irisin, a myokine induced by exercise, protects against CI-AKI by inhibiting the cGAS-STING inflammatory pathway.

Methods And Results: We explored the relationship between serum irisin levels and CI-AKI incidence in patients administered the contrast media iohexol.

microRNA-30c attenuates contrast-induced acute kidney injury by reducing renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via targeting SOCS1.

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is a common complication after contrast media administration. Growing evidences implicate microRNA (miR)-30c has a key role in renal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-30c in CIAKI.

Secondary Organic Aerosol from Biomass Burning Phenolic Compounds and Nitrate Radicals can be Highly Viscous over a Wide Relative Humidity Range.

Biomass burning events, including wildfires, can emit large amounts of phenolic compounds such as guaiacol. These phenolic compounds can undergo oxidation by nitrate radicals (NO) to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Viscosity and hygroscopicity are key properties that affect SOA's role in atmospheric chemistry, air quality, climate and public health.

Remnant cholesterol and new-onset atrial fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Background: The relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore the association between RC characteristics and new-onset AF.

Methods: Data from 5 follow-up visits of the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study were analyzed.

Effects of adipose tissues on the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduced heart rate variability: mediation analysis.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with decreased heart rate variability (HRV) with an unclear intermediate mechanism. This study aimed to conduct mediation analysis to explore the impact of various adipose tissues on the relationship between T2DM and HRV.

Methods: A total of 380 participants were enrolled for analysis, including 249 patients with T2DM and 131 non-diabetic controls.

Perirenal Fat Thickness Is Associated With Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Catheterization.

Deposition of adipose tissue may have a promoting role in the development of diabetic complications. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between adipose tissue thickness and risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 603 T2DM patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angiography or angioplasty with suspicious or confirmed stable coronary artery disease were enrolled in this study.

VO-Based Spacecraft Smart Radiator with High Emissivity Tunability and Protective Layer.

In the extreme space environment, spacecraft endure dramatic temperature variations that can impair their functionality. A VO-based smart radiator device (SRD) offers an effective solution by adaptively adjusting its radiative properties. However, current research on VO-based thermochromic films mainly focuses on optimizing the emissivity tunability (Δ) of single-cycle sandwich structures.

Lipotoxicity Induces Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis via Activating the STING Pathway.

Lipotoxicity is a well-established contributor to cardiomyocyte death and heart damage, with ferroptosis being identified as a crucial death mode in cardiomyocyte disease. This study aims to explore the potential role and mechanism of ferroptosis in lipotoxicity-induced myocardial injury. Eight-week high-fat diet (HFD) Sprague-Dawley rat and H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated with palmitic acid (PA) were established for an and lipotoxic model.

Preparation of Thermochromic Vanadium Dioxide Films Assisted by Machine Learning.

In recent years, smart windows have attracted widespread attention due to their ability to respond to external stimuli such as light, heat, and electricity, thereby intelligently adjusting the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light in solar radiation. VO(M) undergoes a reversible phase transition from an insulating phase (monoclinic, M) to a metallic phase (rutile, R) at a critical temperature of 68 °C, resulting in a significant difference in near-infrared transmittance, which is particularly suitable for use in energy-saving smart windows. However, due to the multiple valence states of vanadium ions and the multiphase characteristics of VO, there are still challenges in preparing pure-phase VO(M).

Coronary Sinus Metabolite 12,13-diHOME Is a Novel Biomarker for Left Atrial Remodeling in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) has shown potential in protecting against heart disease, but its relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown.

Methods: Coronary sinus (CS) and femoral vein blood samplings were synchronously collected from AF and non-AF subjects (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia or idiopathic premature ventricular complexes) who underwent catheter ablation. First, untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed in a discovery cohort (including 12 AF and 12 non-AF subjects) to identify the most promising CS or femoral vein metabolite.

Full-length sequence of the novel allele, HLA-B*58:01:40, identified in a Chinese individual.

HLA-B*58:01:40 differs from HLA-B*58:01:01 by a single nucleotide change in exon 3, 507 C- > T (codon 145.3 CGC- > CGT).

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) reduces apoptosis and improves neurological function after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating microglia inflammation.

Indole-3-carbinol(I3C) is a tumor chemopreventive substance that can be extracted from cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the cerebral protective effects of I3C in an in vivo rats model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Type 1 diabetes, its complications, and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: a mendelian randomization study of European ancestry.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a significant risk factor for a range of cardiovascular diseases. Nonetheless, the causal relationship between T1D and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, the mechanisms responsible for the progression from T1D to NICM have not been definitively characterized.

Indium-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular dithianyl-alkyne metathesis reactions.

Herein, we reported an efficient indium catalyzed dithianyl-alkyne metathesis (DAM) reaction. This strategy allows for the formation of a new C-C double bond and valuable C-S bonds during the metathesis event, and was successfully applied to the synthesis of diverse vinyl dithianyl substituted organic molecules.

BarH-Like Homeobox 2 Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activating N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4.

BarH-like homeobox 2 (BARX2) has been identified to play a key role in the development of multiple cancers. Meanwhile, BARX2 may be an independent prognostic biomarker for patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the regulatory role of BARX2 in HCC is still unclear and needs to be unveiled.

Discovery of the novel HLA-A*11:452N allele by next-generation sequencing in a Chinese individual.

HLA-A*11:452N differs from A*11:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide exchange in exon 1.

Genomic sequence of the novel HLA-A*26:206:02N allele, identified in a patient with hepatitis B infection.

HLA-A*26:206:02N differs from A*26:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide exchange in exon 3.

Human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing HO-1 attenuate neural injury and enhance functional recovery by inhibiting inflammation in stroke mice.

Aims: The current evidence demonstrates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold therapeutic potential for ischemic stroke. However, it remains unclear how changes in the secretion of MSC cytokines following the overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) impact excessive inflammatory activation in a mouse ischemic stroke model. This study investigated this aspect and provided further insights.

Loss of the accessory chromosome converts a pathogenic tree-root fungus into a mutualistic endophyte.

Some fungal accessory chromosomes (ACs) may contribute to virulence in plants. However, the mechanisms by which ACs determine specific traits associated with lifestyle transitions along a symbiotic continuum are not clear. Here we delineated the genetic divergence in two sympatric but considerably variable isolates (16B and 16W) of the poplar-associated fungus Stagonosporopsis rhizophilae.

Extracellular vesicle-packaged ILK from mesothelial cells promotes fibroblast activation in peritoneal fibrosis.

Progressive peritoneal fibrosis and the loss of peritoneal function often emerged in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD), resulting in PD therapy failure. Varieties of cell-cell communications among peritoneal cells play a significant role in peritoneal fibrogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been confirmed to involve in intercellular communication by transmitting proteins, nucleic acids or lipids.