Compositional Analysis of Grape Berries: Mapping the Global Metabolism of Grapes.

To characterize the nutrients and bioactive compounds in grape berries and to explore the real cause of the "French paradox" phenomenon, we performed metabolomic analysis of 66 grape varieties worldwide using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A nontargeted metabolomics approach detected a total of 4889 metabolite signals. From these, 964 bioactive and nutrient compounds were identified and quantified, including modified flavonoids, medicinal pentacyclic triterpenoids, vitamins, amino acids, lipids, etc.

A theranostic photosensitizer-conjugated albumin co-loading with resiquimod for cancer-targeted imaging and robust photo-immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy remains a low immune response rate in clinic because of dominant immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and lack of effective drug to specifically remodel the TME. In this work, we introduced a tumor-seeking human serum albumin (HSA) based delivery platform by covalently conjugating with a tumor-targeting near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer (IR-DBI) and non-covalently loading of immune modulator Resiquimod (R848). HSA exhibited tumor-preferential accumulation after covalent conjugation with IR-DBI.

[Observation on the efficacy of continuous veno-venous hemodia-filtration combined with hemoperfusion HA380 in the treatment of 15 cases of heat stroke with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of continuous veno-venous hemodia-filtration (CVVHDF) combined with hemoperfusion (HP) HA380 in the treatment of heat stroke patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

Methods: A retrospective and observational study was conducted. A total of 15 patients with heat stroke combined with MODS who were admitted to the department of intensive care unit (ICU) of Suizhou Central Hospital/Hubei University of Medicine from July to September 2022 were selected as the study objects.

Influence of Galvanic Interaction between the Iron Grinding Medium and Chalcopyrite on Collectorless Flotation Behavior of Chalcopyrite: Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study.

The eco-friendly flotation process for chalcopyrite is economically significant and promotes sustainable development in mining. Collectorless flotation is a green and clean method for chalcopyrite utilization, but galvanic interactions during the grinding process can affect the surface structure, chemical composition, and electrochemical properties, impacting collectorless flotation recovery. This article uses a self-made device and flotation experiments to study galvanic interactions and their effects on surface oxidation and collectorless flotation behavior under different grinding conditions (including mineral particle size, slurry water content, pressure, and galvanic interaction time).

Pharmaceutical Manipulation of Mitochondrial F0F1-ATP Synthase Enables Imaging and Protection of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Stress-induced Selective Enrichment.

To rescue ischemic myocardium from progressing to myocardial infarction, timely identification of the infarct size and reperfusion is crucial. However, fast and accurate identification, as well as the targeted protection of injured cardiomyocytes following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, remain significantly challenging. Here, a near infrared heptamethine dye IR-780 is shown that has the potential to quickly monitor the area at risk following I/R injury by selectively entering the cardiomyocytes of the at-risk heart tissues.

A combined pig model to determine the net absorption of volatile fatty acids in the large intestine under different levels of crude fiber.

Background: This study aimed to develop a combined model to quantify the net absorption of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the large intestine (LI) of pigs.

Methods: Fifteen female growing pigs (Duroc × Large White × Landrace) were ranked by body weight (30 ± 2.1 kg) on day 0 and assigned to one of three treatments, namely the basal diet containing different crude fiber (CF) levels (LCF: 3.

A small-molecule inhibitor of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction attenuates sepsis by selectively augmenting the antibacterial defence of macrophages at infection sites.

Background: Macrophages at infection sites are considered as the promising therapeutic targets to prevent sepsis development. The Nrf2/Keap1 system acts as a critical modulator of the antibacterial activity of macrophages. Recently, Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors have emerged as safer and stronger Nrf2 activators; however, their therapeutic potential in sepsis remains unclear.

Disease resistance conferred by components of essential chrysanthemum oil and the epigenetic regulation of OsTPS1.

The sesquiterpene alpha-bisabolol is the predominant active ingredient in essential oils that are highly valued in the cosmetics industry due to its wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. Alpha-bisabolol was thought to be restricted to Compositae plants. Here we reveal that alpha-bisabolol is also synthesized in rice, a non-Compositae plant, where it acts as a novel sesquiterpene phytoalexin.

SPECT/CT imaging features of cystic degeneration of the talus and their relation to pathological findings.

Background: Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) are a common orthopedic condition. The image presentation is very similar to that of ischemic necrosis of the talus complicated by a talar neck fracture, but the two are very different lesions. When abnormalities in bone density (or signal) of the talar body (apex of the fornix) with concomitant bone defects and cystic changes are found on X-ray, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging, it is important to accurately determine the nature of the lesion and make a correct diagnosis for the treatment and prognosis of the patient.

Combination of CT/MRI LI-RADS with CEUS can improve the diagnostic performance for HCCs.

Background & Aims: To compare the classifications for focal liver lesions smaller than 3 cm by the CEUS and CT/MRI LI-RADS and explore the discrepancy between the two classifications strategies.

Methods: Focal liver lesions with a size smaller than 3 cm undergoing CEUS and CT/MRI (MR required on a 3.0 T magnet) within 1 month were enrolled.

CT2US: Cross-modal transfer learning for kidney segmentation in ultrasound images with synthesized data.

Accurate segmentation of kidney in ultrasound images is a vital procedure in clinical diagnosis and interventional operation. In recent years, deep learning technology has demonstrated promising prospects in medical image analysis. However, due to the inherent problems of ultrasound images, data with annotations are scarce and arduous to acquire, hampering the application of data-hungry deep learning methods.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of independent risk factors for postherpetic neuralgia.

Background: This study aimed to explore the independent risk factors for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).

Methods: Related studies of PHN risk factors were searched in PubMed for screening and meta-analysis. In this study, data from studies included were extracted and summarized, including odds ratio (OR) value, 95% confidence interval (CI), P value, sample size, and the number of patients with and without PHN.

An Oryza-specific hydroxycinnamoyl tyramine gene cluster contributes to enhanced disease resistance.

Genomic clustering of non-homologous genes for the biosynthesis of plant defensive compounds is an emerging theme, but insights into their formation and physiological function remain limited. Here we report the identification of a newly discovered hydroxycinnamoyl tyramine (HT) gene cluster in rice. This cluster contains a pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase (OsPDX3) producing the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), a PLP-dependent tyrosine decarboxylase (OsTyDC1), and two duplicated hydroxycinnamoyl transferases (OsTHT1 and OsTHT2).

Effects of Human Serum Albumin on the Fluorescence Intensity and Tumor Imaging Properties of IR-780 Dye.

IR-780 is a lipophilic dye with excellent optical and tumor imaging properties for early tumor diagnostics. Although the mechanism of tumor targeting has not been fully identified, the view that serum albumin plays an important role in tumor accumulation has been recognized. Here, the mechanism of the interaction between IR-780 and HSA was studied to explore the effect of albumin on its tumor targeting properties.

Automatic registration and precise tumour localization method for robot-assisted puncture procedure under inconsistent breath-holding conditions.

Background: During percutaneous puncture procedure, breath holding is subjectively controlled by patients, and it is difficult to ensure consistent tumour position between the preoperative CT scanning phase and the intraoperative puncture phase. In addition, the manual registration process is time-consuming and has low accuracy.

Methods: We have proposed an automatic registration method using optical markers and a tumour breath-holding position estimation model based on the support vector regression algorithm.

The cadmium decontamination and disposal of the harvested cadmium accumulator Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.

The heavy metal accumulated biomass after phytoremediation needs to be decontaminated before disposal. Liquid extraction is commonly used to remove and recycle toxic heavy metals from contaminated biomass. In this study, we examined the cadmium (Cd) removal efficiency using different chemical reagents (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium) of the post-harvest Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.

Pharmaceutical targeting of succinate dehydrogenase in fibroblasts controls bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the lung with fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, leading to chronically compromising lung function and death. However, very little is known about the metabolic alterations of fibroblasts in IPF, and there is still a lack of pharmaceutical agents to target the metabolic dysregulation. Here we show a glycolysis upregulation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) downregulation in fibroblasts from fibrotic lung, and perturbation of glycolysis and FAO affects fibroblasts transdifferentiation.

Diffeomorphic respiratory motion estimation of thoracoabdominal organs for image-guided interventions.

Purpose: Percutaneous image-guided interventions are commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In practice, physiological breathing-induced motion increases the difficulty of accurately inserting needles into tumors without impairing the surrounding vital structures. In this work, we propose a data-driven patient-specific hierarchical respiratory motion estimation framework to accurately estimate the position of a tumor and surrounding vital tissues in real time.

Immobilization of Cadmium by Molecular Sieve and Wollastonite Is Soil pH and Organic Matter Dependent.

The excessive cadmium (Cd) concentration in agricultural products has become a major public concern in China in recent years. In this study, two amendments, 4A molecular sieve (MS) and wollastonite (WS), were evaluated for their potential passivation in reducing Cd uptake by amaranth ( L.) in six soils with different properties.

IR-61 Improves Voiding Function Mitochondrial Protection in Diabetic Rats.

Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) afflicts nearly half of diabetic patients, but effective treatment is lacking. In this study, IR-61, a novel heptamethine cyanine dye with potential antioxidant effects, was investigated to determine whether it can alleviate DBD. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with IR-61 or vehicle after diabetes was induced with streptozotocin.

Intrauterine growth restriction alters nutrient metabolism in the intestine of porcine offspring.

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has negative impacts on the postnatal survival, growth and development of humans and animals, with not only on newborns but also adulthood. However, the characteristics for nutrient digestion and absorption in IUGR offspring are still largely unknown. Therefore, the normal birth weight (NBW) and IUGR growing pigs were used in this study to investigate their differences in nutrient utilization, with an expectition for further nutritional optimization of the IUGR offspring during their later life.

The near-infrared dye IR-61 restores erectile function in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model via mitochondrial protection.

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of IR-61, a novel mitochondrial heptamethine cyanine dye with antioxidant effects, on diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED). Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type 1 diabetes. Eight weeks after STZ injection, all rats were divided into three groups: the control group, DM group, and DM + IR-61 group.