Orthostatic and Standing Hypertension and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Orthostatic hypertension is an emerging risk factor for adverse events. Recent consensus statements combine an increase in blood pressure upon standing with standing hypertension, but whether these 2 components have similar risk associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown.

Methods: The ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) measured supine and standing blood pressure during visit 1 (1987-1989).

Serum protein risk stratification score for diagnostic evaluation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Background: Reliable, noninvasive tools to diagnose at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are urgently needed to improve management. We developed a risk stratification score incorporating proteomics-derived serum markers with clinical variables to identify high-risk patients with MASH (NAFLD activity score >4 and fibrosis score >2).

Methods: In this 3-phase proteomic study of biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic fatty liver disease, we first developed a multi-protein predictor for discriminating NAFLD activity score >4 based on SOMAscan proteomics quantifying 1305 serum proteins from 57 US patients.

Late Gadolinium Enhancement CMR with Generative AI.

Background: Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging enables imaging of scar/fibrosis and is a cornerstone of most CMR imaging protocols. CMR imaging can benefit from image acceleration; however, image acceleration in LGE remains challenging due to its limited signal-to-noise ratio. In this study, we sought to evaluate a rapid 2D LGE imaging protocol using a generative artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm with inline reconstruction.

Inflammatory Indices and Their Associations with Postoperative Delirium.

Background: Although the pathogenesis of delirium is poorly understood, increasing evidence supports a role for inflammation. Previously, individual inflammatory biomarkers have been associated with delirium. Aggregating biomarkers into an index may provide more information than individual biomarkers in predicting certain health outcomes (e.

Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Postoperative Delirium.

Preoperative risk biomarkers for delirium may aid in identifying high-risk patients and developing intervention therapies, which would minimize the health and economic burden of postoperative delirium. Previous studies have typically used single omics approaches to identify such biomarkers. Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the Healthier Postoperative Recovery study of adults ≥ 63 years old undergoing elective major orthopedic surgery was used in a matched pair delirium case-no delirium control design.

Accelerated myocardial fibrosis in young to middle-aged patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background: The extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death events. However, the clinical significance of age-specific longitudinal changes in LGE is not well characterized in HCM. We sought to assess whether the risk of LGE progression diverges between young to middle-aged (ages 20-59 years) and older (≥ 60) adults with HCM.

Obesity-Related Differences in Pathomechanism and Outcomes in Patients With HFpEF: A CMR Study.

Background: Clinical significance of an integrated evaluation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and the right ventricle (RV) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unknown.

Objectives: The authors investigated the potential of EAT and RV quantification for obesity-related pathophysiology and risk stratification in obese HFpEF patients using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods: A total of 150 patients (obese, body mass index ≥30 kg/m; n = 73, nonobese, body mass index <30 kg/m; n = 77) with a clinical diagnosis of HFpEF undergoing CMR were retrospectively identified.

An interactive, online decision aid assessing patient goals and preferences for treatment of aortic stenosis to support physician-led shared decision-making: Early feasibility pilot study.

Background: Guidelines recommend shared decision making when choosing treatment for severe aortic stenosis but implementation has lagged. We assessed the feasibility and impact of a novel decision aid for severe aortic stenosis at point-of-care.

Methods: This prospective multi-site pilot cohort study included adults with severe aortic stenosis and their clinicians.

Prediagnostic plasma proteomics profile for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: Proteomics may discover pathophysiological changes related to hepatocellular carcinoma, an aggressive and lethal type of cancer with low sensitivity for early stage diagnosis.

Design: We measured 1305 prediagnostic (median = 12.7 years) SomaScan proteins from 54 pairs of healthy individuals who subsequently developed hepatocellular carcinoma and matched non-hepatocellular carcinoma control individuals from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS).

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Opioid Prescribing on Hospital Discharge Among Older Adults: A National Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Disparities in opioid prescribing among racial and ethnic groups have been observed in outpatient and emergency department settings, but it is unknown whether similar disparities exist at discharge among hospitalized older adults.

Objective: To determine filled opioid prescription rates on hospital discharge by race/ethnicity among Medicare beneficiaries.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Incidence and survival of secondary malignancies after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer in the SEER database.

Introduction: We investigated the incidence of secondary bladder (BCa) and rectal cancers (RCa) after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer (PCa) compared to radical prostatectomy (RP) alone, and compared cancer-specific survival (CSS) of these secondary neoplasms to their primary counterparts.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included men in the SEER cancer registry with a diagnosis of non-metastatic, clinically node-negative PCa treated with either RP or EBRT from 1995-2011 and allowed a minimum five-year lag period for the development of secondary BCa or RCa. Patients were divided into two eras, 1995-2002 and 2003-2011, to examine differences in incidence of secondary malignancies over time.

Corrigendum to "Polysaccharide and ethanol extracts of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata: Antioxidant, wound-healing, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

MRI Assessment of Myocardial Deformation for Risk Stratification of Major Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Eligible for Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators.

Background: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) intervention is an established prophylactic measure. Identifying high-benefit patients poses challenges.

Purpose: To assess the prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters including myocardial deformation for risk stratification of ICD intervention in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) while accounting for competing mortality risk.

Biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neural injury as potential predictors for delirium.

Objectives: Determine if biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and neural injury may play a role in the prediction of delirium risk.

Methods: In a cohort of older adults who underwent elective surgery, delirium case-no delirium control pairs (N = 70, or 35 matched pairs) were matched by age, sex and vascular comorbidities. Biomarkers from CSF and plasma samples collected prior to surgery, including amyloid beta (Aβ) , Aβ , total (t)-Tau, phosphorylated (p)-Tau , neurofilament-light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) or ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassays.

Implementation of the neuro-glia-vascular unit through co-culture of adult neural stem cells and vascular cells and transcriptomic analysis of diverse Aβ assembly types.

Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized layer between blood vessels and tissue in the brain, which is comprised of a neuro-glia-vascular (NGV) unit, thus play a vital role in various brain diseases.

New Method: We developed the in vitro NGV units by co-culturing brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs; bEnd.3) and primary neural stem cells extracted from subventricular zone of adult mice.

Partnering with Patients and Families to Improve Diagnostic Safety through the OurDX Tool: Effects of Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference.

Background: Patients and families at risk for health disparities may also be at higher risk for diagnostic errors but less likely to report them.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore differences in race, ethnicity, and language preference associated with patient and family contributions and concerns using an electronic previsit tool designed to engage patients and families in the diagnostic process (DxP).

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 5,731 patients and families presenting to three subspecialty clinics at an urban pediatric hospital May to December 2021 who completed a previsit tool, codeveloped and tested with patients and families.

Comparison of the frailty index and frailty phenotype and their associations with postoperative delirium incidence and severity.

Background: Recent studies have reported an association between presurgical frailty and postoperative delirium. However, it remains unclear whether the frailty-delirium relationship differs by measurement tool (e.g.

Implementing Shared Decision-Making for Multiple Sclerosis: The MS-SUPPORT Tool.

Background: Disease modifying therapies (DMTs) offer opportunities to improve the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), but decisions about treatment are difficult. People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) want more involvement in decisions about DMTs, but new approaches are needed to support shared decision-making (SDM) because of the number of treatment options and the range of outcomes affected by treatment. We designed a patient-centered tool, MS-SUPPORT, to facilitate SDM for pwMS.

Validating a model for predicting breast cancer and nonbreast cancer death in women aged 55 years and older.

Background: To support mammography screening decision making, we developed a competing-risk model to estimate 5-year breast cancer risk and 10-year nonbreast cancer death for women aged 55 years and older using Nurses' Health Study data and examined model performance in the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS). Here, we examine model performance in predicting 10-year outcomes in the BWHS, Women's Health Initiative-Extension Study (WHI-ES), and Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and compare model performance to existing breast cancer prediction models.

Methods: We used competing-risk regression and Royston and Altman methods for validating survival models to calculate our model's calibration and discrimination (C index) in BWHS (n = 17 380), WHI-ES (n = 106 894), and MEC (n = 49 668).

Risk Factors for Opioid-Related Adverse Drug Events Among Older Adults After Hospitalization for Major Orthopedic Procedures.

Objectives: Older adults undergoing orthopedic procedures are commonly discharged from the hospital on opioids, but risk factors for postdischarge opioid-related adverse drug events (ORADEs) have not been previously examined. We aimed to identify risk factors for ORADEs after hospital discharge following orthopedic procedures.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries 65 years or older, who underwent major orthopedic surgery during hospitalization in 2016 and had an opioid fill within 2 days of discharge.

Standing Blood Pressure and Risk of Falls, Syncope, Coronary Heart Disease, and Mortality.

Background: ACC/AHA guidelines caution against the use of antihypertensive therapy in the setting of low standing systolic BP (SBP) < 110 mm Hg due to unclear benefits.

Methods: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study measured supine and standing SBP in adults aged 45-64 years between 1987 and 1989. We used Cox regression to evaluate the associations of low standing SBP (<110 mm Hg) with risk of falls, syncope, coronary heart disease (CHD), and mortality through December 31, 2019.

Radiomics of Late Gadolinium Enhancement Reveals Prognostic Value of Myocardial Scar Heterogeneity in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) scar burden by cardiac magnetic resonance is a major risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, there is currently limited data on the incremental prognostic value of integrating myocardial LGE radiomics (ie, shape and texture features) into SCD risk stratification models.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incremental prognostic value of myocardial LGE radiomics beyond current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) models for SCD risk prediction in HCM.