Unveiling the Chemical Composition of Sulfur-Fumigated Herbs: A Triple Synthesis Approach Using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS-A Case Study on Steroidal Saponins in Ophiopogonis Radix.

Ophiopogonis Radix (OR) is a traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, in order to achieve the purpose of drying, bleaching, sterilizing and being antiseptic, improving appearance, and easy storage, people often use sulfur fumigation for its processing. However, changes in the chemical composition of medicinal herbs caused by sulfur fumigation can lead to the transformation and loss of potent substances.

Characterization of active peptides derived from three leeches and comparison of their anti-thrombotic mechanisms using the tail vein thrombosis model in mice and metabonomics.

The increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases has created an urgent need for safe and effective anti-thrombotic agents. Leech, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, but its real material basis and mechanism of action for the treatment of diseases such as blood stasis and thrombosis have not been reported. In this study, (WPW), (HNW) and (WAW) were hydrolyzed by biomimetic enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the active peptides of WPW (APP), the active peptides of HNW (APH) and the active peptides of WAW (APA), respectively.

Active peptides from Eupolyphaga sinensis walker attenuates experimental hyperlipidemia by regulating the gut microbiota and biomarkers in rats with dyslipidemia.

Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker (ESW) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation used to treat hyperlipidemia. However, the hypolipidemic effect of the active peptides from E. sinensis Walker (APE) is incompletely understood.

Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics Reveal the Active Peptide of Walker against Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Imbalance in Amino Acid Metabolism.

The active peptide (APE) of Walker, which is prepared by bioenzymatic digestion, has significant antihyperlipidemic effects in vivo, but its mechanism of action on hyperlipidemia is not clear. Recent studies on amino acid metabolism suggested a possible link between it and hyperlipidemia. In this study, we first characterized the composition of APE using various methods.

A comprehensive review on celastrol, triptolide and triptonide: Insights on their pharmacological activity, toxicity, combination therapy, new dosage form and novel drug delivery routes.

Celastrol, triptolide and triptonide are the most significant active ingredients of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF). In 2007, the 'Cell' journal ranked celastrol, triptolide, artemisinin, capsaicin and curcumin as the five natural drugs that can be developed into modern medicinal compounds. In this review, we collected relevant data from the Web of Science, PubMed and China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases.

The Metabolites and Mechanism Analysis of Genistin against Hyperlipidemia via the UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer and Metabolomics.

Genistin, an isoflavone, has been reported to have multiple activities. However, its improvement of hyperlipidemia is still unclear, and the same is true with regard to its mechanism. In this study, a high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce a hyperlipidemic rat model.

Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Armeniacae semen Amarum: A review.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim.

Comprehensive Study of and Metabolites of Cycloastragenol Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer.

Background: Cycloastragenol (CAG) is a sapogenin derived from the main bioactive constituents of Astragali Radix (AR). However, the current research on CAG metabolism in vivo and in vitro is still inadequate, and the metabolite cluster is incomplete due to incomplete analysis strategy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to screen and identify the metabolic behavior of CAG in vivo and in vitro.

A new iron supplement: The chelate of pig skin collagen peptide and Fe can treat iron-deficiency anemia by modulating intestinal flora.

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional diseases encountered all over the world. Nowadays, oral iron supplementation is still the mainstay of IDA treatment.

Methods: In this study, a new iron nutritional supplement named pig skin collagen peptides ferrous chelates (PSCP-Fe) was prepared, and its structure was characterized by the scanning electron microscopy, sykam amino acid analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Serial five-membered lactone ring ions in the treatment of Alzheimer's diseases-comprehensive profiling of arctigenin metabolites and network analysis.

Arctigenin is a phenylpropanoid dibenzylbutyro lactone lignan compound with multiple biological functions. Previous studies have shown that arctigenin have neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models both and ; however, its metabolism has not been studied. Most traditional analytical methods only partially characterize drug metabolite prototypes, so there is an urgent need for a research strategy that can fully characterize drug metabolites.

Advances in extraction methods, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, molecular targets and toxicology of volatile oil from var. Besser.

var. Besser (ATT) is a traditional herb with a long medicinal history. The volatile oil of ATT (VOA) does possess many pharmacological activities.

[Effects of different drying methods on ginsenosides based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS technique].

The present study quickly identified the ginsenosides in fresh Panax ginseng and specified the effects of different drying methods(50 ℃-drying, 80 ℃-drying, and-70 ℃ freeze-drying) on ginsenosides.Three P.ginseng products by different drying methods were prepared, and the UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution liquid mass spectrometry(MS) technique was applied to perform gradient elution using water-acetonitrile as the mobile phase, and the data collected in the negative ion mode were analyzed using X Calibur 2.

The Analytical Strategy of "Ion Induction and Deduction Based on Net-Hubs" for the Comprehensive Characterization of Naringenin Metabolites In Vivo and In Vitro Using a UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer.

Naringenin (5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone), belonging to the flavanone subclass, is associated with beneficial effects such as anti-oxidation, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. Drug metabolism plays an essential role in drug discovery and clinical safety. However, due to the interference of numerous endogenous substances in metabolic samples, the identification and efficient characterization of drug metabolites are difficult.

Pharmacodynamic Interactions between Puerarin and Metformin in Type-2 Diabetic Rats.

Herb-drug interactions are vital in effectively managing type-2-diabetes complications. Puerarin is a natural isoflavonoid in the Pueraria genus, and its pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic activity, are well established. The similar modes of action of puerarin and metformin in diabetic models suggest their positive pharmacodynamic interactions.

Comprehensive Analysis of Pterostilbene Metabolites In Vivo and In Vitro Using a UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Mass Spectrometer with Multiple Data-Mining Methods.

Pterostilbene, a stilbene phytoalexin, is mainly obtained from blueberries and grape vines; however, its metabolic mechanisms were unclear in vivo. In the present study, three different methods were used to prepare biological samples, and then, an efficient strategy based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was developed to screen and identify pterostilbene metabolites in rat urine, plasma, liver, and feces. In order to elucidate pterostilbene or its metabolites involved in vitro, this study was assessed by the liver microsome system.

Antioxidant peptides from edible aquatic animals: Preparation method, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationships.

Peptides with strong antioxidant activity have been increasingly extracted from various edible aquatic animals, as natural substitutes for synthetic antioxidants. In this paper, a systematic review of the research progress on the enzymatic hydrolysis strategy and structure-activity relationship of antioxidant peptides from edible aquatic animals, especially marine animals, over the last decade was presented. The selection of enzymes varied markedly among organs and tissues.

Mechanisms of isoniazid and rifampicin-induced liver injury and the effects of natural medicinal ingredients: A review.

Isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RFP) are the first-line medications for tuberculosis treatment, and liver injury is the major adverse effect. Natural medicinal ingredients provide distinct benefits in alleviating patients' symptoms, lowering the liver injury risk, delaying disease progression, and strengthening the body's ability to heal. This paper summarises the recent research on the mechanisms of INH and RFP-induced liver injury and the effects of natural medicinal ingredients.

Active Peptide AR-9 From Reduces Blood Lipid and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Restoring Gut Flora and Its Metabolites in a High Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia Rat.

The dysbiosis of gut flora and its metabolites plays important roles in the progression of hyperlipidemia (HL), and some bioactive peptides are available for HL treatment. In this study, we aimed to isolate an active peptide (AR-9) from active peptides of (APE) and determine whether AR-9 could improve many symptoms of a HL rat induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) by modulating gut flora and its metabolites. Above all, AR-9 was derived from APE using ion-exchange chromatography, and its structure was deconstructed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS.

[Identification of metabolites of imperatorin in rats: based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS].

This study aims to identify and analyze the metabolites of imperatorin in rats by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. Specifically, after rats were treated(ig) with imperatorin, the plasma, urine, and feces were collected, and the samples were processed by solid phase extraction. Then, UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was performed.

Simultaneous separation of glycyrrhizic acid, baicalein and wogonin from Radix Glycyrrhizae and Radix Scutellariae using foam fractionation and in vitro activity evaluation.

Background: In this study, the optimal conditions for the extraction and purification of glycyrrhizic acid from Radix Glycyrrhizae (RG) and baicalein and wogonin from Radix Scutellariae (RS) by foam fractionation were studied on the basis of central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology.

Results: The results showed that herbal proportion (RG:RS), gas flow and ethanol concentration were the main factors guiding the foam fractionation of RG and RS. The optimum technological parameters were obtained as follows: herbal proportion (RG:RS), 1.

Coronavirus GenBrowser for monitoring the transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2.

Genomic epidemiology is important to study the COVID-19 pandemic, and more than two million severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic sequences were deposited into public databases. However, the exponential increase of sequences invokes unprecedented bioinformatic challenges. Here, we present the Coronavirus GenBrowser (CGB) based on a highly efficient analysis framework and a node-picking rendering strategy.

HuaChanSu suppresses tumor growth and interferes with glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by restraining Hexokinase-2.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the sixth highly diagnosed cancer and the fourth main reason of cancer deaths worldwide. HuaChanSu, an extract from dried toad skin, exhibits good anticancer effects and has been widely used in the treatment of liver cancer. The reprogramming of glucose metabolism is one remarkable feature of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the effects of HuaChanSu on the abnormal glucose metabolism of cancer cells have not been elucidated.

Characterization of Metabolites of α-mangostin in Bio-samples from SD Rats by UHPLC-Q-exactive Orbitrap MS.

Background: α-mangostin, a typical xanthone, often exists in Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae). α-mangostin was found to have a wide range of pharmacological properties.

Study of the metabolism of myricetin in rat urine, plasma and feces by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography.

Myricetin is a common natural flavonoid compound with various pharmacological activities. However, the metabolite characterization of this substance remains inadequate. In this study, a simple and rapid system strategy based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry combining parallel reaction monitoring mode was established to screen and identify myricetin metabolites in rat urine, plasma and feces after oral administration.