From neonatal lung function to lung function and respiratory morbidity at 6-year follow-up.

Background: Lung function is traceable from infancy to adulthood. Only a few studies have examined lung function from birth to childhood longitudinally in children born moderate to late preterm. We aimed to investigate how prematurity and lung function in the neonatal period are related to lung function and respiratory morbidity at age 6 in former moderate to late preterm children compared with children born at term.

Cohort profile: the vitamin A and D and nitric oxide (AD-ON) observational cohort on lung development and symptoms in premature and mature children in North Zealand, Denmark.

Purpose: The risk of developing asthma-like symptoms and asthma in childhood is influenced by genetics, environmental exposures, prenatal and early postnatal events, and their interactions. The cohort name refers to vitamins A and D, and nitric oxide (NO) spelt backwards and this cohort profile paper aims to present the data collection and aim of the cohort.The overall aim when establishing this cohort was to investigate if childhood lung function can be traced back to early neonatal lung function and fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) and investigate prenatal and postnatal risk factors including maternal and neonatal vitamin A and D levels in preterm and term born children.

National multi-centre study found a low prevalence of severely impaired lung function in children and adolescents.

Aim: As no data to our knowledge exist, the aim of the study was to describe the national prevalence and characteristics of Danish children and adolescents with severely impaired lung function.

Methods: We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional Danish multi-centre study. Children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years old demonstrating severely impaired lung function from 2015 to 2018, defined by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV ) <60% or who had lung transplantation, were eligible for inclusion.

Association of serum surfactant protein D and SFTPD gene variants with asthma in Danish children, adolescents, and young adults.

Background: Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) is a pattern recognition molecule belonging to the family of collectins expressed in multiple human organ systems, including the lungs. Previous studies have shown that SP-D levels in bronchoalveolar lavage samples decrease and serum levels increase in patients suffering from asthma, possibly due to a combination of induced SP-D synthesis and decreased air-blood barrier integrity. The aims of this study were to investigate whether serum levels of SP-D and common variants in the SP-D gene were associated with asthma in adolescents and young adults.

Neonatal FeNO, risk factors, and respiratory morbidity in infants: A cohort study.

Background: Respiratory symptoms in infancy are more common in premature infants. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in prenatal and neonatal lung development. Measurement of exhaled NO is easy and well-tolerated by neonates.

Exhaled nitric oxide in premature and mature infants during the first months of life.

Aim: In this review, we aim to describe how exhaled Nitric Oxide(NO) changes during the first months of life in premature and mature infants.

Method: Review of the literature up to August 2020, on online, tidal breathing NO measurements in unsedated infants. The association between Fractional exhaled NO(FeNO) values, postnatal age, and prematurity was analysed using linear mixed modeling and Spearman's rank correlation.

Late-onset group B streptococcus infections and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in an extremely preterm born infant.

This case report is about a boy born extremely preterm at gestational age of 24 weeks, with extremely low birth weight, developing severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and in need of mechanical ventilation for 155 days. He also had five recurrent infections with group B streptococcus (GBS) within 4 months from birth, and his respiratory condition clearly deteriorated with every GBS infection. It was difficult to wean him from mechanical ventilation.

Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 in serum is associated with asthma in Danish adolescents and young adults.

Background: Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is an extracellular matrix protein belonging to the fibrinogen-related protein superfamily, which plays multifaceted roles in innate immunity and normal endothelial function. It has been proposed that MFAP4 promotes the development of asthma in vivo and proasthmatic pathways of bronchial smooth muscle cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of serum MFAP4 in adolescents and young adolescents with persistent asthma.

Improved lung function at age 6 in children born very preterm and fed extra protein post-discharge.

Background: In very preterm-born children, alveolar maturation is challenged and lung function is often compromised during childhood. So far, very few studies have focused on type of early nutrition and lung function in children born preterm.

Methods: This study is a 6 years follow-up of 281 very preterm-born infants (VPI) with a gestational age (GA) <32 + 0 weeks.

Catch-Up Growth, Rapid Weight Growth, and Continuous Growth from Birth to 6 Years of Age in Very-Preterm-Born Children.

Background: Breastfeeding promotes healthy growth in very-preterm-born infants (VPI), but extra nutritional supply is needed to ensure catch-up growth and brain development.

Objectives: To investigate how different types of post-discharge nutrition affect growth until 6 years of age in children born VPI.

Methods: This was a 6-year follow-up study of 281 VPI.

Pediatric Expression of Mast Cell Activation Disorders.

Mast cell activation disorders is a term proposed to cover diseases and conditions related to activation of mast cells and effects of mast cell mediators. In its broadest sense, the term encompasses a wide range of diseases from allergic asthma to rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, food allergy, anaphylaxis, mastocytosis, and other conditions where MC activation is contributing to the pathogenesis. This article focuses on clinical presentations, challenges, and controversies in pediatric mastocytosis and gives an overview of current knowledge and areas in need of further research.

Early nutrition and signs of metabolic syndrome at 6 y of age in children born very preterm.

Background: In term-born infants, the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been shown to be associated with formula feeding and early rapid growth. Breastfeeding, however, seems to be associated with a lower risk of MetS among term-born infants.

Objective: The possible association between type of early nutrition, early growth, and possible influence on different metabolic outcomes at 6 y of age was investigated in very-preterm-born children.

The Danish National Database for Asthma: establishing clinical quality indicators.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide affecting more than 300 million people. Symptoms are often non-specific and include coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma may be highly variable within the same individual over time.

The Danish National Database for Asthma.

Aim Of The Database: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease in children, adolescents, and young adults. In Denmark (with a population of 5.6 million citizens), >400,000 persons are prescribed antiasthmatic medication annually.

A child with mastocytosis and lymphomatoid papulosis.

A change in clinical behavior of a disease should prompt search for differential diagnoses. Here, the appearance of ulcerated skin nodules in a preexisting cutaneous mastocytosis revealed a concurrent lymphomatoid papulosis - a CD30+ lymphoproliferative skin disease with histological features of a malignant lymphoma, but with a benign self-healing course.

Long-term pulmonary function in esophageal atresia-A case-control study.

Background: Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital anomaly associated with substantial pulmonary morbidity throughout childhood.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary complications among 59 five to 15-year-old children and adolescents with surgically corrected congenital EA.

Methods: Participants underwent a structured interview, spirometry, body plethysmography, mannitol challenge test, skin prick test, as well as measurements of the diffusion capacity, airway resistance, fraction of exhaled NO, and specific immunoglobulin E in serum.

[Mastocytosis].

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease with an increased number and activation of mast cells. Subtypes range from benign to rare aggressive forms, and the disease may affect people of all ages. The pathogenesis involves mutations in the KIT gene in both children and adult patients.

Five-grass pollen 300IR SLIT tablets: efficacy and safety in children and adolescents.

The efficacy and safety of five-grass pollen 300IR sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) tablets (Stallergènes SA, France) have previously been demonstrated in paediatric patients. This report presents additional data concerning efficacy at pollen peak, efficacy and safety according to age, nasal and ocular symptoms, use of rescue medication, satisfaction with treatment and compliance. Children (5-11 yr) and adolescents (12-17 yr) with grass pollen-allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were included in a multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and received either a 300IR five-grass pollen tablet or placebo daily in a pre- (4 months) and co-seasonal protocol.

Lower-leg growth rates in children with asthma during treatment with ciclesonide and fluticasone propionate.

Measurement of short-term lower-leg growth rate in children by knemometry has become established as an integral part of the available measures of systemic activity of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in children. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the novel ICS ciclesonide (CIC) and the ICS fluticasone propionate (FP) on lower-leg growth rate and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis function in children with mild asthma. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-period crossover study, 28 children, aged 6-12 yr, sequentially received daily doses of CIC 320 μg, FP 375 μg (330 μg ex-actuator) and placebo via a spacer in a randomized order.

Placebo-controlled study of montelukast and budesonide on short-term growth in prepubertal asthmatic children.

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids and anti-leukotriene agents are widely used in the treatment of pediatric asthma. Although data on the effect of corticosteroids on growth are available, there are few such data on anti-leukotriene agents. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of montelukast on short-term lower leg growth rate (LLGR) in prepubertal children with asthma.

[Double-blind randomized trial of the effect of Bidro on hay fever in children].

Introduction: The natural product royal jelly (trade name Bidro) is widely used for the treatment and prevention of allergic symptoms. Several case reports suggest marked clinical benefits. Our aim was to assess whether treatment with royal jelly modifies the development of allergic hay fever symptoms in children with pollen allergy.

Short-term lower-leg growth rate and urine cortisol excretion in children treated with ciclesonide.

Background: Measurement of short-term lower-leg growth rate in children by means of knemometry has become established as an integral part of the available measures of systemic activity of topical steroids in children.

Objective: We sought to determine the effects of clinically effective doses of the novel inhaled corticosteroid ciclesonide on lower-leg growth rate and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in children with asthma.

Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-period crossover study, 24 children aged 6 to 12 years sequentially received ciclesonide (40, 80, and 160 microg) in randomized order once daily in the evening.